Hydroides Gunnerus, 1768 (Annelida, Serpulidae) is feminine: a nomenclatural checklist of updated names

Abstract

As a service to taxonomists and ecologists using names in the well-known and species-rich ship-fouling serpulid genus Hydroides we present an update of all 107 non-synonymised scientific names, with additional information on Hydroides nomenclature, original names, etymologies, and type localities derived from original literature, and in accord with the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) database. An update is needed because the gender of genus Hydroides has from 1 January 2000 reverted to the original feminine, due to a change in the wording of International Code of Zoological Nomenclature which was overlooked at that time, and is contrary to the usage in practice of Hydroides as masculine which had started about 1992, although Code-required from the 1960s. We match 31 further original names of current WoRMS subjective junior synonyms to each non-synonymised name, and also report on the world distribution of the genus as illustrated by type localities of the valid names. We include notes on seven species inquirenda. The correct rendering is given of six names that have been altered for gender agreement for the first time herein. Hydroides gottfriedi nom. n. replaces junior homonym H. rostrata Pillai, 1971. Currently there are 41 non-synonymised species-group names in Hydroides which should be gender invariant, and 23 names which would only change if moved to a neuter genus; the remaining 43 names are fully gender variable. Place-names (23), and personal names (16) make up more than a third (36%) of the species names, with most of the remainder (68) being descriptive of species character states, usually of operculum morphology (54). All species, except H. norvegica (63°N), have type localities in shallow-water coastal locations in temperate to tropical waters below latitude 44°, with the highest number of new species (54) Geoffrey B. Read et al. / ZooKeys 642: 1-52 (2017) 2

Massive Aggregations of Serpulidae Associated With Eutrophication of the Mar Menor, Southeast Iberian Peninsula

“…Nevertheless, these two species can only be safely distinguished by examining the special setae: H. norvegica special setae has two large subapical teeth, rarely accompanied by finer denticles and H. elegans special setae has a densely toothed subapical area, ending in two or more slightly thicker upper teeth (Zibrowius, 1971;Ten Hove, 1974). In the two-tier operculum, the verticil develops first, after which the basal funnel differentiates and expands to fit the tube bore (Hedgpeth, 1950;Ten Hove and Wolf, 1984;Bastida-Zavala and Salazar-Vallejo, 2000;Bastida-Zavala and Ten Hove, 2002;Trott, 2004;Ten Hove and Eliahu, 2005;Link et al, 2009). In this study, some specimens of H. elegans showed a modified operculum: the operculum displayed a soft whorl on the top of a funnel not yet fully developed.…”

“…It is found both in estuaries temperate and subtropical, and does not seem to have the temperature restrictions of other species of the genus Hydroides (Bastida-Zavala et al, 2017). The species have a threshold of tolerance to salinity between 28 and 50 psu, and a temperature range between 5 and 30 • C (Zibrowius, 1971), and it presents a rapid growth during the hottest summer periods (Bastida-Zavala and Ten Hove, 2002).…”

Non-indigenous polychaetes along the coasts of Italy: a critical review

“…(Haswell, 1883) Philippi (1844) shows a strong correspondence with H. elegans. Although Philippi (1844) did not state any type locality, and his description is quite poor, based on Philippi's biography it can be argued that the studied material was collected in the Tyrrhenian Sea, possibly in the Gulf of Naples (Read et al, 2017). This suggests that H. elegans occurred in the Mediterranean Sea at least since the first half of the XIX century, even if it was historically confused with the native Hydroides norvegica Gunnerus, 1768, typically occurring on white corals in the bathyal stage (Zibrowius, 1970).…”

Exotic Polychaetes of a Sewage Pollution Influenced Lagoon (Çardak Lagoon, Turkish Straits)

“…Hydroides dianthus is a cryptogenic serpulid polychaeta in Turkish seas and is a fouling organism on ship hulls worldwide. H. dianthus was described for the first time as Serpula dianthus from New England by [55] and is known from Amphi-Atlantic, West Africa, the Mediterranean Sea, and Japan [53,56]. Hydroides dianthus has been known from the area for more than a century [57]), and [58] first reported H. elegans from the polluted part of ˙Izmir Bay [7].…”