Hydrologic and edaphic constraints on Schoenoplectus acutus, Schoenoplectus californicus, and Typha latifolia in tidal marsh restoration

Sloey, Taylor M.; Willis, Jonathan M.; Hester, Mark W.

doi:10.1111/rec.12212

Cited by 30 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Principal components analysis using marsh edge data from the transect study presented here in conjunction with plots from an associated transplant study (Sloey et al 2015) revealed the important role of several soil variables in modulating S. californicus lateral expansion and also suggest that additional explanatory factors not captured in this study exist ( Table 2). The first two principal components extracted during the analysis explained 66.6 % of 135 (12) -24 (9) 26 (21) 26 (36) 30 (44) 1 (18) Fall 2011…”

Section: Lateral Expansion Studymentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Using RTK survey, data points were collected at all transect marsh edges in September 2010, 2011 and 2012, and at additional, naturally colonized marsh edges throughout Liberty Island in September 2011 and 2012. Marsh edges of a companion transplant study (Sloey et al 2015) were also included in the RTK survey in September 2010, 2011 and 2012, providing high resolution location and elevation data for a total of 257 locations. All survey points were re-occupied during subsequent RTK surveys to detect change in marsh surface elevation.…”

Section: Lateral Expansion Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Average elevations of marsh edges that were not expanding versus marsh edges that were expanding were compared using one-way ANOVA. Data from marsh edge plots in the transect study and companion transplant study (Sloey et al 2015) were combined (total of 26 plots) to evaluate the relationships among S. californicus lateral expansion rates, estimated biomass, key soil metrics (soil organic matter, bulk density, depth to penetration resistance), marsh surface elevation and percentage of time flooded using principal components analysis in JMP 9.0.…”

Section: Lateral Expansion Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At each transect plot, stem density and average stem height were determined. Standing live biomass was estimated using a regression of stem density and average stem height on live biomass that was developed for Liberty Island (Sloey et al 2015). Additionally, 5 cm diameter soil cores were collected to a depth of 15 cm for determination of soil bulk density and organic matter content (loss on ignition).…”

Section: Transect Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This species is well known to be beneficial to many wildlife species, including waterfowl (Kimble and Ensminger 1959) and mammals (Chabreck 1958). S. californicus has been reported to occur in areas with soils of high bulk density and high phosphorus concentrations (Richardson et al 1995) and in areas that are flooded the majority of the time (Ramirez and Anazco 1982;de Lange et al 1998;Watson and Byrne 2009;Sloey et al 2015). Because of its wide geographic distribution and flood tolerance, S. californicus has been employed for wetland restoration projects in many areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Field assessment of environmental factors constraining the development and expansion of Schoenoplectus californicus marsh at a California tidal freshwater restoration site

Hester

Willis

Sloey

2015

Wetlands Ecol Manage

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The effective restoration of wetland habitats requires understanding the establishment requirements, growth responses, and expansion dynamics of targeted plant species. This is particularly true when restoring areas that have been previously managed for other activities, such as agriculture, which can have legacy effects on the local environment. We investigated environmental factors (specifically hydrology and soil physicochemical conditions) that may influence the establishment, growth and expansion of Schoenoplectus californicus in a tidal freshwater marsh restoration site in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, USA. This study site was previously leveed, drained, and utilized for agricultural production. A 1997 levee breach restored tidal connectivity and wetland vegetation has re-established in portions of the area. Our approach coupled an intensively-sampled transect study in S. californicus-dominated marshes with a spatially-extensive survey of S. californicus lateral expansion rates and elevation. Lateral expansion of S. californicus marsh edge was significantly less in lower elevation areas (0.61 ± 0.04 m NAVD88), whereas the marsh edge at higher elevations (0.84 ± 0.03 m NAVD88) exhibited greater expansion, often at rates greater than 1.0 m year -1 . These elevation means correspond to percentages of time that the marsh surface was flooded of 100 and 94 %, respectively. Although marsh edge expansion was influenced by elevation and the resultant hydrology, other factors, such as physical exposure of marsh shorelines and compacted agricultural soils also appear to be important. However, once established, S. californicus appears to be able to ameliorate high soil bulk densities over time as the advancing marsh platform develops.

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Section: Lateral Expansion Studymentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Lateral Expansion Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lateral Expansion Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Transect Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Field assessment of environmental factors constraining the development and expansion of Schoenoplectus californicus marsh at a California tidal freshwater restoration site

Hester

Willis

Sloey

2015

Wetlands Ecol Manage

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Microtopographic structures facilitate plant recruitment across a saltmarsh tidal gradient

Wang

Cui

Luo

et al. 2019

Aquatic Conservation

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It is well known that establishment limitation is stronger than seed limitation in aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, it seems crucial during the recruitment recovery process to overcome this establishment limitation on bare or degraded patches. Microtopographic structures have been shown to act as trap agents in saltmarshes. They can facilitate establishment, but this effect has not been quantitatively examined and assessed. This study examined the facilitative effect of microtopographic structures on plant recruitment in a dynamic saltmarsh system by conducting a series of field experiments along a saltmarsh tidal gradient. A simple plant life‐cycle model was used to evaluate the dynamics of the plant recruitment process facilitated by microtopographic structure and the importance of each life stage. The influence of abiotic factors on each life stage was also assessed, to identify the determinants during the life history. It was revealed that seed retention was the limiting factor in a bare saltmarsh area, rather than seed dispersal. Microtopographic structures can provide trap agents to facilitate seed anchorage. During seed retention, the stability of the microtopographic structure, especially its relative surface elevation difference, can be influenced by tidal events and the associated sediment process, which then affects seed retention efficiency. Microtopographic structure has a strong environmental filtering effect that can revise the potential dispersed seed and emergence patterns, and the determinant of the final establishment pattern along a tidal gradient is the retention pattern resulting from the interactions between microtopographic structures and tidal events. Furthermore, it can be designed into the early stage of recovery or restoration process so that it facilitates pioneer plant establishment. These early recruitment patches will speed up the recovery or succession process by (1) providing local seed sources, (2) retaining more seeds via the established vegetative structures, and (3) modifying microhabitat factors.

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Can community structure track sea‐level rise? Stress and competitive controls in tidal wetlands

Schile

Callaway

Suding

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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Climate change impacts, such as accelerated sea‐level rise, will affect stress gradients, yet impacts on competition/stress tolerance trade‐offs and shifts in distributions are unclear. Ecosystems with strong stress gradients, such as estuaries, allow for space‐for‐time substitutions of stress factors and can give insight into future climate‐related shifts in both resource and nonresource stresses. We tested the stress gradient hypothesis and examined the effect of increased inundation stress and biotic interactions on growth and survival of two congeneric wetland sedges, Schoenoplectus acutus and Schoenoplectus americanus. We simulated sea‐level rise across existing marsh elevations and those not currently found to reflect potential future sea‐level rise conditions in two tidal wetlands differing in salinity. Plants were grown individually and together at five tidal elevations, the lowest simulating an 80‐cm increase in sea level, and harvested to assess differences in biomass after one growing season. Inundation time, salinity, sulfides, and redox potential were measured concurrently. As predicted, increasing inundation reduced biomass of the species commonly found at higher marsh elevations, with little effect on the species found along channel margins. The presence of neighbors reduced total biomass of both species, particularly at the highest elevation; facilitation did not occur at any elevation. Contrary to predictions, we documented the competitive superiority of the stress tolerator under increased inundation, which was not predicted by the stress gradient hypothesis. Multifactor manipulation experiments addressing plant response to accelerated climate change are integral to creating a more realistic, valuable, and needed assessment of potential ecosystem response. Our results point to the important and unpredicted synergies between physical stressors, which are predicted to increase in intensity with climate change, and competitive forces on biomass as stresses increase.

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Hydrologic and edaphic constraints on Schoenoplectus acutus, Schoenoplectus californicus, and Typha latifolia in tidal marsh restoration

Cited by 30 publications

References 26 publications

Field assessment of environmental factors constraining the development and expansion of Schoenoplectus californicus marsh at a California tidal freshwater restoration site

Field assessment of environmental factors constraining the development and expansion of Schoenoplectus californicus marsh at a California tidal freshwater restoration site

Microtopographic structures facilitate plant recruitment across a saltmarsh tidal gradient

Can community structure track sea‐level rise? Stress and competitive controls in tidal wetlands

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