Hydrological Analysis of Loess Plateau Highland Control Schemes in Dongzhi Plateau

Abstract

Gully Consolidation and Highland Protection (GCHP) Project is a major soil and water conservation and land remediation project implemented in the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP). As the connection between the mechanisms of erosion and practical applications for addressing it is not clear, the implementation of engineering measures to combat the problem has been insufficient to date. This study used field investigation and descriptive statistics, together with hydrological analysis modeling to gain an understanding of the impact of the Loess Plateau Highland Control Schemes on the evolution of the Dongzhi Plateau as the largest, most well-preserved, and the thickest loess deposit region in China. A remote sensing image was introduced to hydrological modeling to prove the analysis results of the Dongzhi Plateau. According to these investigations and analysis, four major schemes of gully head retrogressive erosion control were summarized and a comprehensive theory and technology based on a watershed were proposed. After hydrological analysis, the Dongzhi Plateau was divided into 1225 watersheds. It was found that GCHP should be implemented in the catchment area based on hydrological analysis to solve the problem of retrogressive erosion, and it is recommended that a scientific and rational drainage system should be designed based on the roads and pipe networks in the whole watershed area. Findings from this paper provide insights into the evolution of CLP and it can give a good suggestion on the future implementation of GHCP.

Cloud Transform Algorithm Based Model for Hydrological Variable Frequency Analysis

“…It can be revealed from Table 3 that, (1) for the frequency-curve-fitting calculation employing the peak value theory-based cloud transform algorithm, the CRFE index value of cumulative probability distribution frequency analysis of annual precipitation in Dangshan station was the highest, at 0.978128, the CRFE index value of the curve-fitting calculation in Guoyangzha station was the lowest, at 0.954421, and the varying trend of the CRFE index utilizing the cloud transform algorithm was consistent with the corresponding trend of the CRFE index employing the traditional empirical frequency formula. (2) The average of CRFE index for cumulative probability distribution frequency analysis of annual precipitation for different stations in northern Anhui province employing the cloud transform algorithm and traditional empirical frequency formula were 0.969176 and 0.977318, respectively, and the CRFE index of cumulative probability distribution frequency analysis of annual precipitation utilizing the cloud transform algorithm was lower than the corresponding CRFE index for different stations in northern Anhui province.…”

“…The distribution pattern of hydrological variables, which frequently consists of multiple certainty elements and stochastic factors, is the comprehensive outcome of numerous influencing factors, including meteorological climate, natural geography, human activities, etc. [1,2]. Thus, the distribution characteristic exploration of hydrological variables is known as an effective approach to reveal the response mechanism of various influencing factors on hydrological process evolution [3,4].…”

“…In particular, the curve-fitting error for the upper and lower tail sections (i.e., external extending parts) of the frequency curve cannot be neglected, because the top tail section of the hydrological frequency curve (corresponding to low occurring possibility) is always related to the occurrence of extreme hydro-meteorological events. (2) As for the calculation of sample empirical frequency of hydrology variables, the estimation results of sample empirical frequency would be different depending on the selection of frequency distribution function [4,11]. Therefore, the sample empirical frequency would be the primary factor that affects the frequency-curve-fitting error, except for the frequency distribution function and curve-fitting principles [12].…”

Evaluation on the Change Characteristics of Ecosystem Service Function in the Northern Xinjiang Based on Land Use Change

“…However, as the population grows in this region, deforestation and grazing are intensifying the demand for land resources, resulting in forest land degradation and land desertification. The disorderly development of industry and mining has destroyed much of the surface vegetation, causing soil fertility to decline and the ecological environment to become increasingly fragile [36]. In light of this situation, these findings will provide a scientific basis for the sustainable development of land resources in the arid area of northwest China, one that takes into consideration the balance of the regional ecological environment.…”

Comparison of Hydrological Patterns between Glacier-Fed and Non-Glacier-Fed Lakes on the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau

“…Our assumption is that the glacier-fed and non-glacier-fed lakes had similar climatic conditions, with similar influences from climatic factors, so the different evolutionary patterns between glacier-fed and non-glacier-fed lakes can be attributed to the contribution from surrounding mountain glaciers. The delineation of lake dynamics can reflect hydrological responses to climate change [24] and the results are favorable for plateau environmental research [3,25].…”