Hydrological processes—Letters. Topographic controls on subsurface storm flow at the hillslope scale for two hydrologically distinct small catchmetns

Freer, Jim; McDonnell, J.; Beven, Keith; Brammer, D.; Burns, Douglas A.; Hooper, Richard; KENDAL, C.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1085(199707)11:9<1347::aid-hyp592>3.3.co;2-i

Cited by 57 publications

(91 citation statements)

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“…Several recent studies have observed this process in Canada (Peters et al, 1995), Japan (Tani, 1997), USA (Freer et al, 1997), and New Zealand . In steep terrain with relatively thin soil cover, water moves to depth rapidly and perches at the soil -bedrock interface (McIntosh et al, 1999).…”

Section: Lateral Flow At the Soil Bedrock Interfacementioning

confidence: 84%

“…Once rainfall inputs cease, there is a rapid dissipation of positive pore pressures and the system reverts back to a slow drainage of unsaturated soil matrix. Recent work by McDonnell (1997), McDonnell et al (1996) and Freer et al (1997) has shown that by mapping the impeding layer surface, one may be able to model the spatial pattern of transient water table development and thus the location of the mobile water flow path (Burns et al, 1998).…”

Section: Lateral Flow At the Soil Bedrock Interfacementioning

confidence: 99%

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Virtual experiments: a new approach for improving process conceptualization in hillslope hydrology

Weiler

McDonnell

2004

Journal of Hydrology

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267

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Section: Lateral Flow At the Soil Bedrock Interfacementioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Lateral Flow At the Soil Bedrock Interfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual experiments: a new approach for improving process conceptualization in hillslope hydrology

Weiler

McDonnell

2004

Journal of Hydrology

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298

267

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“…1504 Q. Zhu and H. S. Lin: Simulation and validation of concentrated subsurface lateral flow lateral flow path. For example, Freer et al (1997) reported a positive correlation between total flow volume and the contributing area calculated from a digital elevation model (DEM) of the soil-bedrock interface (instead of the soil surface). Noguchi et al (1999) demonstrated through dye tracing that bedrock topography was important in contributing to preferential flow in a forested hillslope.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation and validation of concentrated subsurface lateral flow paths in an agricultural landscape

Zhu

Lin

2009

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. The importance of soil water flow paths to the transport of nutrients and contaminants has long been recognized. However, effective means of detecting concentrated subsurface flow paths in a large landscape are still lacking. The flow direction and accumulation algorithm based on single-direction flow algorithm (D8) in GIS hydrologic modeling is a cost-effective way to simulate potential concentrated flow paths over a large area once relevant data are collected. This study tested the D8 algorithm for simulating concentrated lateral flow paths at three interfaces in soil profiles in a 19.5-ha agricultural landscape in central Pennsylvania, USA. These interfaces were (1) the interface between surface plowed layers of Ap1 and Ap2 horizons, (2) the interface with subsoil water-restricting clay layer where clay content increased to over 40%, and (3) the soil-bedrock interface. The simulated flow paths were validated through soil hydrologic monitoring, geophysical surveys, and observable soil morphological features. The results confirmed that concentrated subsurface lateral flow occurred at the interfaces with the clay layer and the underlying bedrock. At these two interfaces, the soils on the simulated flow paths were closer to saturation and showed more temporally unstable moisture dynamics than those off the simulated flow paths. Apparent electrical conductivity in the soil on the simulated flow paths was elevated and temporally unstable as compared to those outside the simulated paths. The soil cores collected from the simulated flow paths showed significantly higher Mn content at these interfaces than those away from the simulated paths. These results suggest that (1) the D8 algorithm is useful in simulating possible concentrated subsurface latCorrespondence to: H. S. Lin (henrylin@psu.edu) eral flow paths if used with appropriate threshold value of contributing area and sufficiently detailed digital elevation model (DEM); (2) repeated electromagnetic surveys can reflect the temporal change of soil water storage and thus is a useful indicator of possible subsurface flow path over a large area; and (3) observable Mn distribution in soil profiles can be used as a simple indicator of water flow paths in soils and over the landscape; however, it does require sufficient soil sampling (by excavation or augering) to possibly infer landscape-scale subsurface flow paths. In areas where subsurface interface topography varies similarly with surface topography, surface DEM can be used to simulate potential subsurface lateral flow path reasonably so the cost associated with obtaining depth to subsurface water-restricting layer can be minimized.

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“…Water transit time depends on the slope position, from a few days in the riparian zone to a few years in uplands. Transit time in the uplands can be so long because of a much thicker unsaturated zone and also much lower hydraulic gradients on plateaus compared to midslope regions and riparian zones (Freer et al, 1997;. While mean transit time can be estimated by water dating techniques or lumped models using input and output signals, modelling the internal flow within the catchment is necessary because of considerable uncertainty with these methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the spatial distribution of physical aquifer properties on modelled water table depth and stream discharge in a headwater catchment

Gascuel‐Odoux

Weiler²,

Molénat

2010

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Water table depth and its dynamics on hillslopes are often poorly predicted despite they control both water transit time within the catchment and solute fluxes at the catchment outlet. This paper analyses how relaxing the assumption of lateral homogeneity of physical properties can improve simulations of water table depth and dynamics. Four different spatial models relating hydraulic conductivity to topography have been tested: a simple linear relationship, a linear relationship with two different topographic indexes, two Ks domains with a transitional area. The Hill-Vi model has been modified to test these hypotheses. The studied catchment (Kervidy-Naizin, Western France) is underlain by schist crystalline bedrock. A shallow and perennial groundwater highly reactive to rainfall events mainly develops in the weathered saprolite layer. The results indicate that (1) discharge and the water table in the riparian zone are similarly predicted by the four models, (2) distinguishing two Ks domains constitutes the best model and slightly improves prediction of the water table upslope, and (3) including spatial variations in the other parameters such as porosity or rate of hydraulic conductivity decrease with depth does not improve the results. These results underline the necessity of better investigations of upslope areas in hillslope hydrology.

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Hydrological processes—Letters. Topographic controls on subsurface storm flow at the hillslope scale for two hydrologically distinct small catchmetns

Cited by 57 publications

References 0 publications

Virtual experiments: a new approach for improving process conceptualization in hillslope hydrology

Virtual experiments: a new approach for improving process conceptualization in hillslope hydrology

Simulation and validation of concentrated subsurface lateral flow paths in an agricultural landscape

Effect of the spatial distribution of physical aquifer properties on modelled water table depth and stream discharge in a headwater catchment

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