Hydrolysable tannin fed to entire male pigs affects intestinal production, tissue deposition and hepatic clearance of skatole

Čandek-Potokar, Marjeta; Škrlep, Martin; Batorek-Lukač, Nina; Zamaratskaia, Galia; Povše, Maja Prevolnik; Bolta, Špela Velikonja; Kubale, Valentina; Bee, Giuseppe

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.02.012

Cited by 32 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Recent in vitro studies have revealed that HTs inhibit the pancreatic α-amylase activity and amylase absorption [26]. The current findings on feed efficiency are in agreement with those of previous studies [5,6] although they contradict the findings ofČandek-Potokar et al [4]. The latter found a significant reduction in feed intake and a concomitant decrease in growth and thus similar feed efficiency with increasing HT levels.…”

Section: Dietary Effects On Growth Performancesupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Consequently, less S and I are produced and ultimately incorporated into pork from EMs. The results of recent studies have suggested that bioactive compounds, such as hydrolysable tannins (HTs), included in the diets of finisher pigs also have the potential to reduce bacteria-mediated S and I production in the colon, resulting in lower tissue levels of the two boar taint compounds in the adipose tissue [4,5]. In line with these findings, Bilić-Šobot et al [6] reported the lower apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells, the main source of L-tryptophan for microbial indolic compound production, in the EMs fed a diet supplemented with 3% HTs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Supplementing Hydrolysable Tannins to a Grower–Finisher Diet Containing Divergent PUFA Levels on Growth Performance, Boar Taint Levels in Back Fat and Intestinal Microbiota of Entire Males

Tretola

Maghin

Silacci

et al. 2019

Animals

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A retrospective data analysis suggested that the levels of boar taint compounds depend on the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) level of the adipose tissue (AT) being significantly greater in the unsaturated AT. In addition, we recently reported that hydrolysable tannins (HTs) offered to entire males (EMs) reduce skatole and, to a greater extent, indole levels in the AT. Thus, the objective of the study was to determine the impact of HTs and a high dietary level of PUFA on growth performance and board taint compounds in EMs. In addition, the interaction between PUFA and HTs on gut microbiota and its link to intestinal skatole and indole production was investigated. At 25 kg BW, 44 EM originating from 11 litters were randomly assigned within litter to four dietary treatments. Two basal grower (25–60 kg BW) and finisher (60–105 kg BW) diets containing either 2% soy oil (H = high PUFA level) or 2% tallow (L = low PUFA level) were formulated. The H and L diets were either supplemented (H+/L+) or not (H−/L−) with 3% chestnut extract containing 50% HTs. The pigs had ad libitum access to the diets and were slaughtered at 170 days of age. The microbiota composition was investigated through the 16S rRNA gene sequences obtained by next-generation sequencing (Illumia MiSeq platform, San Diego, CA, USA) and analyzed with a specific packages in R, version 3.5.0. Regardless of the PUFA content, the EMs fed the H+ diets were 2% (p < 0.01) less feed efficient overall. This was due to the slower (p = 0.01) growth in the finisher period despite similar feed intake. Carcass characteristics were not affected by the diets. Regardless of HT feeding, the PUFA level in the AT of the H pigs was 10% greater (p = 0.05) than in the L pigs. The indole level tended (p = 0.08) to be 50% lower in the H+ group. Surprisingly, the pigs that were fed diet H− had greater skatole levels than those fed diet L−, with intermediate skatole levels in the H+ and L+. Independent of the PUFA level, the HTs decreased bacteria abundance and qualitatively affected the microbiota composition. In conclusion, these data do not confirm that boar taint compound levels were related to PUFA levels in the AT. However, HTs can be considered to be a promising alternative to conventional antibacterial additives, with no detrimental effects on pig gut health and with appealing properties for reducing the synthesis of the main components of boar taint.

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Section: Dietary Effects On Growth Performancesupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Supplementing Hydrolysable Tannins to a Grower–Finisher Diet Containing Divergent PUFA Levels on Growth Performance, Boar Taint Levels in Back Fat and Intestinal Microbiota of Entire Males

Tretola

Maghin

Silacci

et al. 2019

Animals

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“…Dietary supplement with chestnut wood ( Castanea sativa ) extract, which is a source of hydrolysable tannins, induced activities of CYP2A19 and CYP2E1 in cross‐bred (Large White × Landrace) entire male pigs . These results suggested that hydrolysable tannins can be used to reduce skatole levels in pigs by induction of skatole‐metabolizing enzymes.…”

Section: Dietary Regulation Of Cyp2a19 and Cyp2e1mentioning

confidence: 97%

Porcine cytochrome 2A19 and 2E1

Burkina

Rasmussen

Oliinychenko

et al. 2018

Basic Clin Pharma Tox

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Cytochrome P450 (CYP) is a major group of enzymes, which conduct Phase I metabolism. Among commonly used animal models, the pig has been suggested as the most suitable model for investigating drug metabolism in human beings. Moreover, porcine CYP2A19 and CYP2E1 are responsible for the biotransformation of both endogenous and exogenous compounds such as 3-methylindole (skatole), sex hormones and food compounds. However, little is known about the regulation of porcine CYP2A19 and CYP2E1. In this MiniReview, we summarise the current knowledge about the regulation of porcine CYP2A19 and CYP2E1 by environmental, biological and dietary factors. Finally, we reflect on the need for further research, to clarify the interaction between active feed components and the porcine CYP system.

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“…Similarly, chestnut tannins improved the antioxidant status of heat-stressed lambs [115] or the fatty acid composition of eggs [116] and reduced intestinal skatole production in pigs [117,118]. …”

Section: Main Applications Of Phenol-based Polymers In Food and Hementioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Phenol Polymers: Recent Advances in Food and Health Applications

Panzella

Napolitano

2017

Antioxidants

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Natural phenol polymers are widely represented in nature and include a variety of classes including tannins and lignins as the most prominent. Largely consumed foods are rich sources of phenol polymers, notably black foods traditionally used in East Asia, but other non-edible, easily accessible sources, e.g., seaweeds and wood, have been considered with increasing interest together with waste materials from agro-based industries, primarily grape pomace and other byproducts of fruit and coffee processing. Not in all cases were the main structural components of these materials identified because of their highly heterogeneous nature. The great beneficial effects of natural phenol-based polymers on human health and their potential in improving the quality of food were largely explored, and this review critically addresses the most interesting and innovative reports in the field of nutrition and biomedicine that have appeared in the last five years. Several in vivo human and animal trials supported the proposed use of these materials as food supplements and for amelioration of the health and production of livestock. Biocompatible and stable functional polymers prepared by peroxidase-catalyzed polymerization of natural phenols, as well as natural phenol polymers were exploited as conventional and green plastic additives in smart packaging and food-spoilage prevention applications. The potential of natural phenol polymers in regenerative biomedicine as additives of biomaterials to promote growth and differentiation of osteoblasts is also discussed.

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Hydrolysable tannin fed to entire male pigs affects intestinal production, tissue deposition and hepatic clearance of skatole

Cited by 32 publications

References 47 publications

Effect of Supplementing Hydrolysable Tannins to a Grower–Finisher Diet Containing Divergent PUFA Levels on Growth Performance, Boar Taint Levels in Back Fat and Intestinal Microbiota of Entire Males

Effect of Supplementing Hydrolysable Tannins to a Grower–Finisher Diet Containing Divergent PUFA Levels on Growth Performance, Boar Taint Levels in Back Fat and Intestinal Microbiota of Entire Males

Porcine cytochrome 2A19 and 2E1

Natural Phenol Polymers: Recent Advances in Food and Health Applications

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