Hydrolysis of Natural Phytate Phosphorus in the Digestive Tract of Calves

Nelson, T. S.; Daniels, L. B.; Hall, Joan; Shields, Laura G.

doi:10.2527/jas1976.4261509x

Cited by 46 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Only Nelson et al (1976) reported that phytic acid was absent from faeces of 9-month-old calves, but traces of phytic acid were recovered from faeces of weaned calves, 9 weeks old. In our experiment, concentrations of phytic acid much higher than traces were found in faecal samples of several calves.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The hydrolysis of phytic acid in the digestive tract of calves has received less attention. Nelson et al (1976) using a ferric chloride precipitation method analysed the feed and faeces of weaned calves, 9 weeks of age, fed a concentrate composed primarily of ground maize, oats and soybean meal. The authors concluded that less than 1% of the ingested phytic acid was recovered from the faeces.…”

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Concentration of Phytic Acid in Faeces of Calves Fed Starter Diets

Dušková¹,

Dvořák²,

Rada³

et al. 2001

Acta Vet. Brno

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Ruminants utilize phytic acid well. The digestive system of young calves, however, is less developed than that of adult animals. The aim of our study was to decide whether phytic acid hydrolysis in the digestive tract of calves is complete or not. Thus, rectal samples of faeces were collected from 16 crossbred calves fed starter diets. Faeces of calves were sampled at the age of 1, 6 and 13 weeks. In starter concentrates and faeces the phytic acid content was determined by capillary isotachophoresis. Two commercial starters containing 9.17 and 12.80 g of phytic acid per kg of dry matter (37.6 and 50.1% of the total P) were offered ad libitum from the 4 th day of life. Calves were weaned from milk at the age of 6 weeks. Phytic acid was determined in 30 out of 37 faecal samples. Its concentration varied widely from 1 mg to 2.34 g per kg of dry matter. In some samples, the quantity of phytic acid was insufficient for a precise determination. Phytic acid phosphorus represented 0 to 8.9% of the total P in faeces. The highest phytic acid concentrations were found in faeces of calves at the age of 6 weeks, just after weaning. On average, faeces of 1, 6 and 13 weeks old calves contained 8 ± 4, 477 ± 265 and 275 ± 211 mg phytic acid per kg DM, respectively (means ± SEM). It can be concluded that a part of ingested phytic acid apparently escapes the hydrolysis in the digestive tract of calves fed commercial starters. Nutrition, concentrated feed, phosphorusConcentrated feeds for cattle contain components rich in phytic acid: cereal grains, grain by-products and oilseed meals. Contrary to monogastric animals, ruminants utilize phytic acid (myo-inositolhexaphosphoric acid) very well. In an early study, Reid et al. (1947) reported that phytic acid phosphorus was liberated in the rumen of sheep, and later Raun et al. (1956) found that calcium phytate was as available to rumen microorganisms as inorganic phosphate when tested by an artificial rumen technique. Several authors concluded that phytic acid was hydrolyzed to inositol and inorganic phosphate in high producing dairy cows consuming large quantities of concentrates (Clark et al. 1986;Morse et al. 1992; M a rounek et al. 2000a). Study of Yanke et al. (1998) demonstrated the presence of phytase activity in five species of rumen bacteria, in particular Selenomonas ruminantium. The hydrolysis of phytic acid in the digestive tract of calves has received less attention. Nelson et al. (1976) using a ferric chloride precipitation method analysed the feed and faeces of weaned calves, 9 weeks of age, fed a concentrate composed primarily of ground maize, oats and soybean meal. The authors concluded that less than 1% of the ingested phytic acid was recovered from the faeces.The objective of this study was to reexamine the phytic acid presence in faeces of calves using a more advanced analytical technique. Phytic acid concentration was measured in feeds and faeces of calves fed starter concentrates before and after weaning by means of the capillary isotachophoresis.

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Concentration of Phytic Acid in Faeces of Calves Fed Starter Diets

Dušková¹,

Dvořák²,

Rada³

et al. 2001

Acta Vet. Brno

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“…A fitase, produzida pelas bactérias do rúmen, hidroliza o fitato a ácido fosfórico e inositol. Quando o fitato é quebrado o fósforo resultante fica disponível para o animal (Lofgreen e Kleiber, 1953; Tillman e Brethour, 1958;Nelson et al 1976;Clark et al,1986; Morse et al1992).Quanto ao oxalato este pode estar presente em concentrações elevadas em certas gramíneas tropicais (Hintz et al, 1984;. No rúmen ocorre também a degradação de oxalatos (Cymbaluk et al, 1986 GÊNOVA, L.G.…”

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Aspectos relacionados a cálcio e fósforo em equídeos e ruminantes

Gênova¹,

Paulino²

2015

Pubvet

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ResumoMinerais como o cálcio e o fósforo são essenciais para eqüídeos e ruminantes; a limitação dos níveis desses minerais, pode interferir na habilidade e sobrevivência e reprodução dos animais. Este trabalho relata alguns aspectos relacionados à biodisponibilidade do cálcio e do fósforo nas principais forrageiras tropicais e suplementos alimentares disponíveis para a nutrição animal e suas implicações clínicas. As necessidades de cálcio e fósforo para os animais em produção ultrapassam as exigências nutricionais das plantas forrageiras, o trabalho relata as principais fontes e doses adequadas desses minerais.Palavras-chave: biodisponibilidade, cálcio, fósforo, forrageiras, oxalato GÊNOVA, L.G. e PAULINO, V.T. Aspectos relacionados a cálcio e fósforo em equídeos e ruminantes. PUBVET, Londrina, V. 5, N. 24, Ed. 171, Art. 1155, 2011. Aspects related to mineral nutrition calcium and phosphorus in horses and ruminants AbstractMinerals such as calcium and phosphorus are essential for equids and ruminants; limiting the levels of these minerals can interfere with the ability and survival and reproduction of animals. This paper reviews some aspects related to the bioavailability of calcium and phosphorus in the main tropical forage and food supplements available for animal nutrition and their clinical implications. The needs for calcium and phosphorus for the animals in production exceed the nutritional requirements of forage plants, the paper describes the main sources and appropriate doses of these minerals.Keywords: bioavailability, calcium, phosphorus, forage, oxalate INTRODUÇÃOO cálcio e o fósforo são considerados macrominerais essenciais para eqüídeos e ruminantes, pois sua remoção ou mesmo a diminuição de seus níveis podem interferir com a habilidade da sobrevivência e reprodução. Estes elementos minerais essenciais são classificados como macroelementos fazendo parte também deste grupo o magnésio, potássio, sódio, cloro e enxofre. Como microelementos essenciais temos o cromo, cobalto, cobre, iodo, manganês, ferro, molibdênio, níquel, selênio e zinco. O objetivo desta revisão é discorrer sobre a biodisponibilidade do cálcio e fósforo nas principais forrageiras e suplementos alimentares disponíveis para a alimentação animal e sua implicação clinica.A principal fonte para aquisição desses elementos minerais são os alimentos, em especial as forrageiras, que por sua vez os absorvem do solo, de acordo com sua presença e disponibilidade. Para alguns minerais, as exigências das plantas ultrapassam as dos animais, como e o caso do potássio. No entanto GÊNOVA, L.G. e PAULINO, V.T. Aspectos relacionados a cálcio e fósforo em equídeos e ruminantes. PUBVET, Londrina, V. 5, N. 24, Ed. 171, Art. 1155, 2011 para cálcio, fósforo, magnésio, sódio e a maioria dos microelementos os valores necessários para os animais de produção ultrapassam as necessidades das plantas.A apresentação química que estes minerais estão nas forrageiras e a forma que eles se associam aos componentes estruturais das plantas influenciam a sua participação ...

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“…Several authors concluded that phytates were hydrolysed to inositol and inorganic phosphate in high-producing dairy cows, consuming large quantities of concentrates (Clark et al, 1986;Morse et al, 1992;Marounek et al, 2000). In weaned calves fed a concentrate composed of ground maize, oats and soybean meal, less than 1% of the ingested phytate P was recovered from the faeces (Nelson et al, 1976). Duskova et al (2001a) found variable concentrations of phytic acid in rectal samples from calves 1, 6 and 13 weeks old, but no data on digestibility of phytate P in milk fed calves are available.…”

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Digestibility of total and phytate phosphorus in young calves

Skřivanová¹,

Marounek²,

Dvořák³

2004

Vet. Med. - Czech

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ABSTRACT:Two experiments were conducted to determine digestibility of total and phytate phosphorus (P) in young calves. In the 1st experiment 14 male calves received a commercial milk replacer (6 l of milk per day) and had free access to a starter concentrate. In the 2nd experiment 21 male calves were divided into 3 groups and fed ad libitum a milk replacer (Group I), milk replacer and starter concentrate (Group II), and milk replacer and silaged maize cobs (Group III). Digestibility measurements were carried out at the age of 10 weeks (1st experiment), and 12 and 16 weeks (2nd experiment). In the 1st experiment phytate P accounted for 27.0% of the total P intake. Phytate P was assayed by capillary isotachophoresis. On average, 27.9% of ingested P, but only 3.0% of phytate P were recovered from the faeces. The proportion of phytate P in total faecal P was 5.8%. In the 2nd experiment phytate P accounted for 8.9, 13.8 and 8.6% of total P in diets of calves of Group I, II and III, respectively. On average, 6.6% of ingested P and 3.6% of phytate P were recovered from the faeces. Dry ma�er of faeces contained total P, phytate P and phosphate P at 9.74, 0.65 and 4.69 mg/g, respectively. Faecal concentrations of total P significantly correlated with those of calcium (r = 0.71). It can be concluded that young calves utilised phytate P very efficiently as no more than a few % of phytate escaped degradation in the digestive tract.

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Hydrolysis of Natural Phytate Phosphorus in the Digestive Tract of Calves

Cited by 46 publications

References 19 publications

Concentration of Phytic Acid in Faeces of Calves Fed Starter Diets

Concentration of Phytic Acid in Faeces of Calves Fed Starter Diets

Aspectos relacionados a cálcio e fósforo em equídeos e ruminantes

Digestibility of total and phytate phosphorus in young calves

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