“…The alpha‐helical protein in buffer A was spiked with tungsten from sodium tungstate (Na 2 WO 4 ) in buffer A to reach final tungsten concentrations of 100, 500, and 1000 ppm; with tungsten from tungsten pin extract in buffer A to reach final tungsten concentrations of 1, 10, 100, 500, and 1000 ppm; with tungsten from soluble WO 3 and H 2 WO 4 in buffer A to reach final tungsten concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 ppm and with tungsten from acidified Na 2 WO 4 in H 2 O to reach final tungsten concentrations of 1, 10, 100, and 1000 ppm. It has been shown that Na 2 WO 4 forms polytungstate anions at lower pHs 9–13. To assess whether the polytungstate anions rather than Na 2 WO 4 contribute to the protein aggregation, the spiking studies were also carried out with acidified Na 2 WO 4 .…”