Hydrometallurgical recovery of platinum group metals from spent automotive converters

Rzelewska-Piekut, Martyna; Paukszta, Dominik; Regel‐Rosocka, Magdalena

doi:10.37190/ppmp/132779

Cited by 26 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…These ILs have a higher affinity towards Pt, Fe, and Zn, which likely form anionic chloro-complexes in the chloride media, while they have a low affinity for La, Mg, and Al which are bare cations. A similar extraction selectivity of ILs to these metals from SAC leaching solutions was reported in the literature [20][21][22][23]. Therefore, it was indicated that the leaching selectivity for ILs observed in Figure 1 followed the affinity of the leached metals for ILs.…”

Section: Direct Leaching Of a Spent Automotive Catalyst By Ilssupporting

confidence: 85%

Effect of Hydrophobicity of Ionic Liquids on the Leaching Selectivity of Platinum from a Spent Automotive Catalyst

HANADA,

TAKAOKA,

KAMISONO

et al. 2023

SERDJ

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Recycling platinum group metals from secondary resources such as spent automotive exhaust catalysts is promising for the circular economy. However, the selective separation of Pt over massive amounts of impurity metals such as Mg and Al is particularly challenging. In this study, non-aqueous direct leaching of platinum from a spent automotive catalyst (SAC) using hydrophobic ionic liquids, namely, trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium chloride (P 66614 Cl) and trioctyl(dodecyl)phosphonium chloride (P 88812 Cl) with the aid of pre-loading hydrochloric acid/hydrogen peroxide was proposed. The more hydrophobic P 88812 Cl exhibited more efficient and selective leaching of Pt over Mg and Al. The recovery of Pt from the metal-loaded P 88812 Cl, and the reusability of the IL for SAC leaching were also demonstrated.

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Section: Direct Leaching Of a Spent Automotive Catalyst By Ilssupporting

confidence: 85%

Effect of Hydrophobicity of Ionic Liquids on the Leaching Selectivity of Platinum from a Spent Automotive Catalyst

HANADA,

TAKAOKA,

KAMISONO

et al. 2023

SERDJ

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“…5,6 Another route consists of the electrochemical dissolution of platinum nanoparticles into Pt(II) in acidic media. 7,8 Few reports have depicted the direct extraction of platinum in its metallic form from the different components of the catalytic layer. To our knowledge, only three patents more focused on ionomer recovery described the concomitant recovery of the platinum metal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ashes resulting from the combustion are processed by dissolving them in a mixture of strong acids (aqua regia) . Finally, the soluble platinum is recovered by separation, precipitation, and solvent extraction (liquid–liquid extraction). , Another route consists of the electrochemical dissolution of platinum nanoparticles into Pt(II) in acidic media. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Extraction of Platinum Nanoparticles from Fuel Cells with Ionic Liquids: Part 1. Implementation and Optimization of the Process Parameters

Coudray

Billy

Mendil‐Jakani

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The cost of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) comes mainly from platinum nanoparticles, which are used as a catalyst; it represents 40% of the stack price for large-scale production. It is thus crucial to reduce their cost to produce cheaper devices, which could compete with fossil energy on the industrial market. One way to reach this goal would be to recover the Pt catalyst from the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) for further recycling. For now, current end-of-life (EoL) technologies are mainly based on hydrometallurgical and pyro-hydrometallurgical processes for recovering platinum, which are identified to be energy-demanding and generate high amounts of toxic liquids and gaseous effluents. To meet sustainability and circular economy criteria in the recycling of noble metals, our approach was based on the use of ionic liquids (ILs) to both extract and stabilize platinum in the form of metallic nanoparticles (Pt NPs), thus avoiding the use of strong acids and the emissions of hydrofluoric acid (HF), which make the waste management of conventional processes complicated. Thirteen different ILs were selected to investigate how their structural composition as well as their physicochemical properties may affect the extent of Pt extraction, and their ability to stabilize detached nanoparticles. This screening study showed that ionic liquids could interact with all of the elements of the active layer and allowed us to delineate the key parameters that ILs should possess to achieve the best extraction performance: hydrophilicity, hydrogen bonding ability, and the coordinating ability of the anions. The best result was obtained with trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride (P 66614 Cl, commercial Cyphos IL 101; 120 °C and 6 h), which not only led to an extraction extent up to >90% of the Pt present initially on the catalytic layer but also allowed in a single step to detach the Pt NPs from the carbon support. The metallic Pt NPs suspended in P 66614 Cl were found stable with diameters of around 2−3 nm, as evidenced by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analyses. Compared to conventional processes, this safer and convenient route to recover Pt catalysts from MEAs directly in their metallic form by simple immersion of the electrode in the appropriate IL opens up new perspectives in terms of rare earth metal recycling from material composites.

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“…Pt/Al 2 O 3 catalysts are widely used in the chemical industry. After being used for a certain amount of time, the catalytic performance of the catalysts will evidently be decreased and spent Pt/Al 2 O 3 catalysts will be produced [6][7][8][9]. The spent Pt/Al 2 O 3 catalysts have very high economic value.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pt and Al Recovery from a Spent Pt/Al2O3 Catalyst via an Integrated Soda Roasting–Alkaline Leaching–Carbonization Process

Dong,

Zhang,

Zhao

et al. 2023

Metals

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An integrated soda roasting–alkaline leaching–carbonization process was developed to recover platinum (Pt) and aluminum (Al) from a spent Pt/Al2O3 catalyst. A product with the main component of NaAlO2 was obtained under the optimal roasting conditions of the mass ratio of Na2CO3 to spent catalyst 1, roasting time 2 h and roasting temperature 900 °C. The Al in the roasted residue was effectively leached in a dilute NaOH solution, while Pt was enriched in the leached residue with a Pt content that reached 29.4%, and the calculated concentration factor of Pt yielded 79.4. After carbonization was performed for the leached solution, 99.0% of the Al was recovered as the pseudo-boehmite product, which could be used as the feed for preparing the Al2O3 carrier. Pt and Al2O3 in the spent catalyst were selectively separated and enriched using the above process, which thus has good application prospects.

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Hydrometallurgical recovery of platinum group metals from spent automotive converters

Cited by 26 publications

References 21 publications

Effect of Hydrophobicity of Ionic Liquids on the Leaching Selectivity of Platinum from a Spent Automotive Catalyst

Effect of Hydrophobicity of Ionic Liquids on the Leaching Selectivity of Platinum from a Spent Automotive Catalyst

Direct Extraction of Platinum Nanoparticles from Fuel Cells with Ionic Liquids: Part 1. Implementation and Optimization of the Process Parameters

Pt and Al Recovery from a Spent Pt/Al2O3 Catalyst via an Integrated Soda Roasting–Alkaline Leaching–Carbonization Process

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