Hydrometallurgical separation of copper and cobalt from lithium-ion batteries using aqueous two-phase systems

Leite, Daniela da Silveira; Carvalho, Pablo Luis Gutierrez; Lemos, Leandro Rodrigues de; Mageste, Aparecida Barbosa; Rodrigues, Guilherme Dias

doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2017.01.002

Cited by 64 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Demand for the elements Te and Se has been driven by their potential use in large‐scale environmental technologies, particularly solar cells (Chelvanathan, Hossain, & Amin, ; Morales‐Acevedo, ). Demand for cobalt has also increased due to its use in high‐capacity batteries (Leite et al., ). A reliable supply of these elements is vital to allow growth of new technology, although these elements have restricted supplies from current sources (Nassar, Graedel, & Harper, ; Vesborg & Jaramillo, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tellurium, selenium and cobalt enrichment in Neoproterozoic black shales, Gwna Group, UK: Deep marine trace element enrichment during the Second Great Oxygenation Event

et al. 2018

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Black shales of the late Neoproterozoic Gwna Group (570-580 Ma), UK, contain enrichments of tellurium (Te), selenium (Se) and cobalt (Co) relative to average shale compositions. The Te and Co enrichments bear comparison with those of ferromanganese crusts in the modern deep ocean. Gwna Group deposition coincides with the Second Great Oxidation Event, which had a significant effect on trace element fixation globally. Selenium and Te concentrations within these black shales indicate increased continental weathering rates, high biological productivity and corresponding increases in atmospheric O 2 concentrations. Cobalt, nickel (Ni) and arsenic (As) enrichments in this succession are secondary mineralisation phases. Demand for many of the trace elements found enriched in the Gwna Group black shales make their mechanisms of accumulation, and variations through the geological record, important to understand, and suggests that new resources may be sought based on black shale protoliths from this period.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tellurium, selenium and cobalt enrichment in Neoproterozoic black shales, Gwna Group, UK: Deep marine trace element enrichment during the Second Great Oxygenation Event

et al. 2018

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“…A promising alternative to replace traditional liquid–liquid extraction techniques is the use of aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs). These systems have been used to extract substances including metal ions, − nanoparticles, dye molecules, biomolecules, − and antibiotics. , An ATPS is generally composed primarily of water, together with various other possible components that are nontoxic and nonflammable, making these extraction systems environmentally safe . The other components can consist of two different polymers, a polymer and a salt, ,, two different salts, and a polymer, or salt and a surfactant …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polymer-salt ATPSs are most widely used for preparative-scale extractions. These ternary systems consist of two phases: a top phase enriched with a polymer or a salt and a bottom phase enriched with a different polymer or salt. ,, Although the literature includes several studies of polymer–salt systems containing poly(ethylene)glycol (PEG) and inorganic salts, ,,, investigations employing PEG 400 remain scarce. To the best of our knowledge, PEG 400 has only been used with sulfate salts (MgSO 4 , Na 2 SO 4 , and (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ). , Its use in ATPSs offers the advantages of rapid formation of two phases and ease of handling due to its low viscosity .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic Investigation of the Aqueous Two-Phase Systems Formed by PEG 400 + Water + Either Sodium Carbonate or Potassium Carbonate at Different Temperatures: Experimental and Correlational Approaches

et al. 2019

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Systems composed of poly(ethylene)glycol (PEG 400) + water + either potassium carbonate or sodium carbonate were studied at 283.15, 298.15, and 313.15 K. The effects of temperature and the electrolyte on phase segregation were evaluated. The phase segregation process was endothermic and entropically driven. The efficacy of the cations in inducing phase formation with PEG 400 followed the order K2CO3 < Na2CO3. The binodal curves were successfully described using the empirical equation suggested by Merchuk and modified to include the effect of temperature. Tie-line compositions were correlated using the Othmer–Tobias, Bancroft, and Hand equations. The experimental tie-line data for PEG 400 + K2CO3 + water and PEG 400 + Na2CO3 + water were also correlated using the nonrandom two liquid model. The use of this thermodynamic model resulted in reliable data for the system while reducing the number of experiments needed. All of the correlations indicated satisfactory fits between the calculated and experimental data.

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“…Poly(ethylene oxide) with molar mass of 1500 g• mol −1 [HO(EO) 34 H], named as PEO1500, was purchased from Synth (Brazil). The (poly(ethylene oxide))-(poly-(propylene oxide))-(poly(ethylene oxide)) triblock copolymers (EO) 76 (PO) 30 (EO) 76 , named as F68, with molar mass of 8460 g•mol −1 , and (EO) 13 (PO) 30 (EO) 13 , named as L64, with molar mass of 2900 g•mol −1 , were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (USA). Sodium thiocyanate (98.0 %), potassium thiocyanate (98.0 %), ammonium thiocyanate (97.5 %), ammonium iron(III) sulfate (100 %), and nitric acid (65.0 %) were provided by Vetec Quı ́mica Fina (Brazil).…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) were reported for the first time by Beijernick in 1896, and in recent decades have become a very important technology in the separation and purification of several compounds, such as aminophenols, biomolecules, − nanoparticles, dyes, and metallic ions. − Their specific advantages involve high extraction efficiency, low energy consumption, the use of biocompatible compounds, and the absence of volatile organic solvents …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase Diagrams, Densities, and Refractive Indexes of Aqueous Two-Phase Systems Comprising (F68, L64, or PEO1500) + (Ammonium, Sodium, or Potassium Thiocyanate Salts) + Water: Effect of Cation and Type of Macromolecule

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Silva²,

Fontoura³

et al. 2019

J. Chem. Eng. Data

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In extraction procedures, the more commonly used aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) comprise mainly water, salt, and macromolecule, particularly the macromolecule poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). However, one limitation of such ATPS is their capacity to separate compounds that are more hydrophobic. One possible solution to overcome this restriction is the use of ATPS formed with triblock copolymers, which are more hydrophobic and therefore enable the extraction of hydrophobic solutes. In addition, the range of applications of ATPS formed with thiocyanate salts can be broader, mainly to extract metal ions. In view of this, equilibrium data were acquired in this work by constructing phase diagrams for ATPS comprising macromolecules [poly(ethylene oxide), PEO, or (poly(ethylene oxide))-(poly(propylene oxide))-(poly(ethylene oxide)) triblock copolymers, F68 or L64] + thiocyanate salts (ammonium, sodium, or potassium) + water at 25.0 °C. The influence of the nature of the cation on the formation of the ATPS was investigated and followed the order K+ > Na+ > NH4 +. The capacity of different macromolecules to enable ATPS formation was also examined and followed the order L64 > F68 > PEO1500. Phase inversion occurred with the (L64 or F68) + NH4SCN + water ATPS, in that the top phase is rich in salt and the bottom phase is rich in macromolecule. This aspect is different in most ATPS that are typically described in the literature.

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Hydrometallurgical separation of copper and cobalt from lithium-ion batteries using aqueous two-phase systems

Cited by 64 publications

References 31 publications

Tellurium, selenium and cobalt enrichment in Neoproterozoic black shales, Gwna Group, UK: Deep marine trace element enrichment during the Second Great Oxygenation Event

Tellurium, selenium and cobalt enrichment in Neoproterozoic black shales, Gwna Group, UK: Deep marine trace element enrichment during the Second Great Oxygenation Event

Thermodynamic Investigation of the Aqueous Two-Phase Systems Formed by PEG 400 + Water + Either Sodium Carbonate or Potassium Carbonate at Different Temperatures: Experimental and Correlational Approaches

Phase Diagrams, Densities, and Refractive Indexes of Aqueous Two-Phase Systems Comprising (F68, L64, or PEO1500) + (Ammonium, Sodium, or Potassium Thiocyanate Salts) + Water: Effect of Cation and Type of Macromolecule

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