Hydrophilic carbon nanoparticle-laccase thin film electrode for mediatorless dioxygen reduction

Electroanalytical chemistry for the analysis of solids: Characterization and classification (IUPAC Technical Report)

“…(a) Introducing techniques based on measurements at the nanoscopic domain: scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) [127][128][129][130] and electrochemical scanning tunnelling microscopy [131]. (b) Hyphenating electrochemical with non-electrochemical techniques to perform in situ monitoring of solid state reactions.…”

“…Additionally, studies on the spatial distribution of electroactive centres in solid materials can be performed using SECM and related techniques [125][126][127][128][129]. "Local" analysis, performed on restricted regions of solid systems, can be made using the pencil electrode methodologies [95], of interest in the fields of archaeometry, conservation, and restoration [55]; in particular, this technique can be applied to the determination, layer-by-layer, of the composition of stratified corrosion layers in metals [198,199].…”

Enzymatic Electrosynthesis: An Overview on the Progress in Enzyme- Electrodes for the Production of Electricity, Fuels and Chemicals

“…The higher reduction potential of some laccases close to the thermodynamic potential for oxygen reduction enables the effective reduction reaction at cathode. Laccases were adsorbed on graphite [263,274], carbon aerogel, HOPG [183], carbon nanotubes [184,[275][276][277], nanoparticles [278][279][280], gold nanoparticles [281] to enhance electron transfer rates from laccases. Alternatively, Citation retention of the enzyme behind a membrane at electrode surface [282] and chemical derivatisation to retain laccase through hydrophobic pockets were also studied to enhance the electron transfer rates [283].…”

Enhanced direct electron transfer between laccase and hierarchical carbon microfibers/carbon nanotubes composite electrodes. Comparison of three enzyme immobilization methods

“…This three-dimensional composite material (3D-CNT/CMF) was recently fabricated [8] and utilized in bioelectrocatalysis of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) for H 2 O 2 reduction at +600 mV vs. Ag|AgCl [9]. The main advantages for using the 3D-CNT/CMF composite electrode as immobilization surface for laccase consists on: i) avoiding the use of a redox hydrogel film as matrix for the electronic communication between enzyme and electrode, thus eliminating additional limitations such as the electron hopping step [10] and a further drop in the cell potential [11][12][13]; and ii) reduction of the large number of interfacial cascades in-between the individual CNT produced when they are simply dropped onto a supporting electrode in presence or not of a mediator/crosslinking polymeric net [14][15][16], which requires extensive optimization protocols and characterization methods, such as SECM [17,18].…”