Hydrophilic Polymer Monolithic Capillary Microextraction Online Coupled to ICPMS for the Determination of Carboxyl Group-Containing Gold Nanoparticles in Environmental Waters

Abstract

In this study, the hydrophilic polymer monolithic capillary (poly(acrylamide-vinylpyridine-methylene bis(acrylamide)), poly(AA-VP-Bis)) was prepared for the separation and enrichment of carboxyl group-containing gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) from environmental waters followed by online ICPMS determination. The extraction mechanism of the prepared poly(AA-VP-Bis) monolithic capillary for Au NPs is based on the static electrical and hydrogen bond interactions between the carboxyl group on the surface of Au NPs and pyridine/amide groups on the surface of the monolith. Under the optimal conditions, a detection limit of 24.2 fmol L(-1) and a sample throughput of 6 h(-1) were achieved for 3 nm citrate stabilized Au NPs, and the original morphology of the Au NPs could be maintained during the extraction process. The developed method was successfully applied for the analysis of carboxyl group-containing Au NPs in environmental water samples, such as tap water, the Yangtze River water, and the East Lake water, with recoveries in the range of 77-103%. Compared with the reported approaches for analysis of Au NPs, this method is an online strategy for carboxyl group-containing Au NPs determination and has the merits of low detection limit, small sample consumption, fast extraction/desorption kinetics, wide linear range, high selectivity, and high throughput.

Quantitative Characterization of Gold Nanoparticles by Coupling Thin Layer Chromatography with Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

“…Supporting Information Figure S4 It should be noted that the spiked amount of the coexisting ions was referred to the concentration level of coexisting ions in the natural fresh water. 25 The experimental results (see Figure S5 of the Supporting Information) show that the recovery of AuNPs in the simulated water samples is approximately 95%, indicating that the coexisting ions have negligible effects on the method. The existence of organic acid may affect the stability and separation efficiency of AuNPs.…”

Simultaneous Determination of Size and Quantification of Gold Nanoparticles by Direct Coupling Thin layer Chromatography with Catalyzed Luminol Chemiluminescence

“…Nanoparticles (NPs), due to their special properties, have been widely used in the fields of industry, medicine, and materials. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), in particular, have been extensively used in catalysis 1 2 3 , as optical microscope probes 4 , biosensors 5 6 , targeted drug delivery 7 8 , and so on due to their virtues of higher electron density, dielectric properties, and catalytic effect as well as good biocompatibility 9 . However, the extensive use of NPs and their consequent release may create harmful risks to the environment and organisms 10 11 .…”

Application of dissolvable Mg/Al layered double hydroxides as an adsorbent for the dispersive solid phase extraction of gold nanoparticles prior to their determination by atomic absorption spectrometry

“…femtomolar levels), the recoveries ranged from 71-91.5% (Table 2), which is within the range of recovery rates reported in other studies. [11][12][13][14][17][18][19][20] Therefore, the method is suitable for the determination of trace levels of AuNPs in environmental samples.…”

“…4,41 The detection limit, dened as three times the signal to noise ratio, was 19 fmol L À1 , corresponding to 4.6 ng L À1 gold ions (calculated on the basis of spherical AuNPs of an average diameter of 20 nm), which is better than or comparable to the LODs reported in previous studies. [11][12][13][14][17][18][19][20]31,42 The LOD can conceivably be improved by increasing the ratio of the sample to extractant volume (i.e. increasing the sample volume or decreasing the volume of HNO 3 at the nal step of the procedure) or by resorting to more sensitive detectors such as ICP-MS. We assume that higher ratios combined with ICP-MS could bring the LOD to the attomolar levels providing a signicant advancement to the early monitoring of AuNPs in the environment.…”

“…LPME and its modications), [14][15][16] solid phase extraction and microextraction (e.g. resins and magnetic nanoparticles) [17][18][19][20] etc.…”