“…The differences in chemical composition and porosity reported above can explain the diverse hydrodynamic behavior, especially in terms of moisture uptake. Moreover, the resulting water contact angle strongly depends on the entire surface topography 74 , 75 . Generally, more hydrophilic surfaces are thought to favor cell attachment 76 , but studies have shown that protein can adhere even to more hydrophobic surfaces 77 , especially after increasing the number of seeded cells or culture time 78 – 80 .…”
Mycelia, the vegetative part of fungi, are emerging as the avant-garde generation of natural, sustainable, and biodegradable materials for a wide range of applications. They are constituted of a self-growing and interconnected fibrous network of elongated cells, and their chemical and physical properties can be adjusted depending on the conditions of growth and the substrate they are fed upon. So far, only extracts and derivatives from mycelia have been evaluated and tested for biomedical applications. In this study, the entire fibrous structures of mycelia of the edible fungi Pleurotus ostreatus and Ganoderma lucidum are presented as self-growing bio-composites that mimic the extracellular matrix of human body tissues, ideal as tissue engineering bio-scaffolds. To this purpose, the two mycelial strains are inactivated by autoclaving after growth, and their morphology, cell wall chemical composition, and hydrodynamical and mechanical features are studied. Finally, their biocompatibility and direct interaction with primary human dermal fibroblasts are investigated. The findings demonstrate the potentiality of mycelia as all-natural and low-cost bio-scaffolds, alternative to the tissue engineering systems currently in place.
“…The differences in chemical composition and porosity reported above can explain the diverse hydrodynamic behavior, especially in terms of moisture uptake. Moreover, the resulting water contact angle strongly depends on the entire surface topography 74 , 75 . Generally, more hydrophilic surfaces are thought to favor cell attachment 76 , but studies have shown that protein can adhere even to more hydrophobic surfaces 77 , especially after increasing the number of seeded cells or culture time 78 – 80 .…”
Mycelia, the vegetative part of fungi, are emerging as the avant-garde generation of natural, sustainable, and biodegradable materials for a wide range of applications. They are constituted of a self-growing and interconnected fibrous network of elongated cells, and their chemical and physical properties can be adjusted depending on the conditions of growth and the substrate they are fed upon. So far, only extracts and derivatives from mycelia have been evaluated and tested for biomedical applications. In this study, the entire fibrous structures of mycelia of the edible fungi Pleurotus ostreatus and Ganoderma lucidum are presented as self-growing bio-composites that mimic the extracellular matrix of human body tissues, ideal as tissue engineering bio-scaffolds. To this purpose, the two mycelial strains are inactivated by autoclaving after growth, and their morphology, cell wall chemical composition, and hydrodynamical and mechanical features are studied. Finally, their biocompatibility and direct interaction with primary human dermal fibroblasts are investigated. The findings demonstrate the potentiality of mycelia as all-natural and low-cost bio-scaffolds, alternative to the tissue engineering systems currently in place.
“…38 A rough surface, caused by nanoparticles, leads to a higher contact angle. Although the hydrophobic property is weaker than that of silk fabrics coated with dopamine and Fe 2+ (contact angle = 150 o ), 39 SiO 2 @KH570 has proven multifunctional properties, which mean it has good prospects for application not only in self-cleaning, oil/water separation and water-repellent fabrics, 40–42 but also in protective, non-ironing fabrics. Figure 7.Hydrophobicity of untreated and treated silk fabrics: (a) Blank, (b) Water, (c) KH570, (d) SiO 2 @KH570.…”
Silk fabrics have poor resistance to ultraviolet (UV) light and to wrinkles. To improve these properties, we propose a finishing method of coating the silk fabric surface with nano-silica (nano-SiO2). The results show that the UV protective factor (UPF) value could reach a maximum of 84.52 after finishing in 10 g/L nano-SiO2 and 20 g/L silane coupling agent (KH570) solution at 80℃. Moreover, the treated silk fabrics showed improved wrinkle resistance and hydrophobicity. The surface morphology and crosslink action of the treated silk fabrics were characterized by scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrometer and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, which proved that nano-SiO2 particles were grafted on to the silk fabric. There was no apparent difference in color between untreated and treated silk fabrics. Thermal stability and cytotoxicity tests showed that the treated silk fabrics had good thermostability and cytocompatibility. The UPF value could be maintained at 77.31 after washing 20 times, which demonstrated that the treated silk fabrics had laundry resistance. Multifunctional silk fabrics with good hydrophobic properties and excellent UV and wrinkle resistance were developed, showing good prospects for their application in self-cleaning, protective and non-ironing clothes.
“…Antipilling behavior of modified and control cotton fabrics was evaluated by modified Martindale method ISO 12945-2: 2000 and PillGrade 3D Fabric Scan & Grade System (SDL Atlas Ltd., MI, USA). The samples were placed under standard laboratory conditions (20 °C and 65% R. H) for 24 h before testing [27]. Two thousand pilling cycles were performed for each sample, and the results of five samples were averaged to obtain the pilling grade.…”
Cotton fabric, a natural cellulose material, is widely used in the textile industry for its excellent properties. However, its application in some fields are seriously restricted because of its poor antipilling behavior. In this study, cotton fabrics were modified with 2,4,6-trichloropyrimidine (TLP), 2,4-dichloro-5-methoxypyrimidine (DMP), and 2-amino-4,6-dichloropyridine (ADP). The surface morphology and chemical structure of the modified cotton fabric were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Furthermore, the antipilling behavior, dyeing properties, thermal properties, and mechanical properties of modified cotton fabric were evaluated. The results showed that chloropyrimidine compounds were successfully grafted onto the surface of the cotton fabric, leading to excellent and durable antipilling activity of grade 3–4 even after 10 washes. Moreover, compared with control cotton fabric, the heat release rate (HRR) and total heat release (THR) of TLP-modified cotton fabric decreased to 173.2 W/g (42.3% reduction) and 11.3 KJ/g (13.7% reduction), respectively. In addition, the increased K/S value of modified cotton fabrics dyed with reactive dyes indicated that the modification can enhance the dyability of cotton fabric. This technique provides a simple and versatile method for improving the antipilling behavior of cellulosic materials and supports further preparation of functional textiles.
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