Hydrothermal Carbonization: A Review

Glasner, Christoph; Deerberg, Görge; Lyko, Hildegard

doi:10.1002/cite.201100053

Cited by 22 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…farmyard manures and composts). Therefore, individual chars differ widely in their chemical and physical properties depending on the manufacturing process and the parent material used (Downie et al 2009, Glasner et al 2011, Libra et al 2011.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrochar and Biochar Effects on Germination of Spring Barley

Bargmann

Rillig

Buss

et al. 2013

J Agronomy Crop Science

189

135

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Within the framework of climate change mitigation by sequestrating recalcitrant carbon in soil, biochar is considered as a promising soil amendment. Testing any such soil additives is vitally important, as they should not cause abiotic stress for plants due to chemical constituents they may contain. Thus, germination tests with spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) were conducted to assess phytotoxic effects of biochar, hydrochar and process‐water from hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) as soil amendments. Additionally, single‐component tests with substances found in process‐waters were carried out with cress (Lepidium sativum). While biochars generally had no effect on germination, hydrochars and process‐waters significantly inhibited germination. The dissolved organic carbon content predicted the germination‐inhibiting effects observed. Three compounds resulted in partial (guaiacol) or total (levulinic acid and glycolic acid) inhibition of cress seed germination, and three others (acetic acid, glycolaldehyde dimer and catechol) had a negative impact on growth. Phytotoxic substances in chars appeared to be mostly water soluble and volatile. Pre‐treatments of hydrochars and process‐waters (i.e. storage and washing) were able to reduce germination inhibition. While phytotoxic substances that are generated during HTC stay in the products, biochars from kiln carbonization of the same feedstocks had no negative effects on germination, likely because volatiles evaporate during the conversion. Our study highlights the importance of comprehensively testing carbonized products for their compatibility with agricultural and horticultural systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrochar and Biochar Effects on Germination of Spring Barley

Bargmann

Rillig

Buss

et al. 2013

J Agronomy Crop Science

189

135

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“…In recent years, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) has attracted much interest as a powerful method for the conversion of biomass into highly valuable carbon materials in a relatively cheap and sustainable way. − HTC is conducted by applying mild temperatures (180–250 °C) to biomass in a water suspension under self-generated pressures for several hours. The obtained carbon-rich solid (also called hydrochar), which forms through hydrolysis, dehydration, decarboxylation, condensation polymerization, and aromatization reactions, possesses a core–shell structure consisting of a hydrophobic aromatic nucleus and a hydrophilic shell containing a high concentration of reactive oxygen functional groups (i.e., hydroxyl/phenol, carbonyl, or carboxyl).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Characterization of Chars Obtained from Hydrothermal Carbonization of Corncob and Miscanthus

2012

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Corncob and Miscanthus feedstocks were hydrothermally carbonized at 230 °C for 6 h in an autoclave under autogenous pressure, obtaining fine brown powders with higher carbon and lower hydrogen and oxygen contents than the starting materials. The chemical structure of feedstocks and hydrochars was investigated by 13C cross-polarization magic angle spinning (CP-MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy complemented by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and elemental analysis. In particular, a procedure including CP dynamics analysis and spectral deconvolution was applied to obtain quantitative information on the composition of the analyzed materials from 13C CP-MAS spectra. Miscanthus feedstock contained larger amounts of lignin and crystalline cellulose, which concurred to reduce cellulose exposition to hot water during the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process. As a consequence, a lower furan/aromatic ratio was found for Miscanthus versus corncob hydrochars.

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“…Die hydrothermale Carbonisierung (HTC) von Biomasse wird üblicherweise bei Temperaturen von 180 bis 250 °C, Drücken von 2 bis 10 MPa und Verweilzeiten zwischen 2 und 16 h mit dem Ziel durchgeführt, einen kohlenstoffreichen Feststoff (HTC‐Kohle) zu erzeugen . Die hierbei realisierten Aufheizzeiten liegen in Laborversuchen zwischen 60 und 75 min .…”

Section: Vorbehandlungsoptionenunclassified

Wärmeinduzierte Vorbehandlung lignocellulosehaltiger Biomassen – Prozesse, Verfahren und deren Einordnung

Scherzinger

Kulbeik

Grumbrecht

et al. 2019

Chemie Ingenieur Technik

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Im Folgenden werden verschiedene Verfahren einer wärmeinduzierten Vorbehandlung lignocellulosehaltiger Biomassen zur Erzeugung von Festbrennstoffen beschrieben. Dabei wird auch auf die in der Biomasse auf molekularer Ebene ablaufenden Veränderungen eingegangen. Die beschriebenen Verfahren (Torrefizierung, hydrothermale Carbonisierung, vapothermale Carbonisierung und Autoklavierung) laufen bis zu einem Temperaturniveau von 300°C ab. Abschließend erfolgt eine Einordnung dieser Verfahren zur Einschätzung der spezifischen Vor-und Nachteile.In the following, different techniques for a heat-induced pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for the production of solid fuels are described. Thereby, also changes at the molecular level of the biomass are discussed. The discussed techniques (torrefaction, hydrothermal carbonization, vapothermal carbonization, and autoclaving) proceed in a temperature range up to 300°C. Finally, a classification of the different techniques takes place to evaluate the specific advantages and disadvantages.

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Hydrothermal Carbonization: A Review

Cited by 22 publications

References 33 publications

Hydrochar and Biochar Effects on Germination of Spring Barley

Hydrochar and Biochar Effects on Germination of Spring Barley

Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Characterization of Chars Obtained from Hydrothermal Carbonization of Corncob and Miscanthus

Wärmeinduzierte Vorbehandlung lignocellulosehaltiger Biomassen – Prozesse, Verfahren und deren Einordnung

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