Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Characterization of Chars Obtained from Hydrothermal Carbonization of Corncob and Miscanthus

Calucci, Lucia; Rasse, Daniel P.; Forte, Claudia

doi:10.1021/ef3017128

Cited by 47 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…35 In an early report on the hydrothermal carbonization of corn cob and Miscanthus at 230°C for 6 h, it has also been observed that the signal corresponding to aromatic substance was enhanced but that for cellulose was decreased noticeably as compared to the raw material. 36 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to characterize the structural modification of bamboo, and the spectra obtained are shown in Figure 4. The main absorption signals for the original bamboo sample (S0) were assigned as (a) the peaks at 2900 and 2850 cm −1 , CH stretching and deforming vibrations, (b) the peak at 1740 cm −1 , CO stretching vibration, carbonyl and ester groups from hemicellulose, (c) the signals at around 1610−1450 cm −1 , CC stretching of aromatic groups and (d) the peak at 1160 cm −1 , COC vibrations of cellulose and hemicellulose.…”

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wet Torrefaction of Bamboo in Hydrochloric Acid Solution by Microwave Heating

Shen

Sun

et al. 2015

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Bamboo was hydrothermally torrefied in hydrochloric acid solution assisted by microwave heating at 180°C for 5−30 min. For bamboo torrefied in water, the yield of the torrefied bamboo decreased slightly from 96.15% to 85.83% and the hemicellulose content decreased from 31.78% to 25.71% with increased torrefaction severity from 3.27 to 3.89. Whereas for bamboo torrefaction in acid solutions, the yield of the torrefied bamboo was below 51% and hemicellulose was completely removed as evidenced by the fact that the solid residue contained no hemicellulose. The carbon content of bamboo was 48.82% and it increased slightly after torrefaction in water. It raised largely up to 67.03% under torrefaction with 0.4 M HCl solution at 180°C for 30 min. The atomic H/C and O/C ratios of bamboo were 1.479 and 0.694, and as bamboo was wet torrefied, they were in the range of 0.891−1.454 and 0.313−0.676, respectively. The higher heating value (HHV) of the torrefied bamboo increased by 45.20% after torrefaction at 0.2 M HCl for 30 min, which (24.86 MJ kg −1 ) was higher than that of Converse School-Sub C coal (21.67 MJ kg −1 ) and comparable with that of German Braunkohole lignite (25.10 MJ kg −1 ). In addition, the structural modifications of bamboo during the torrefaction process were investigated by chemical component and elemental analyses, CP/MAS 13 C NMR, FTIR, XRD complemented with TG/DTA.

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Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wet Torrefaction of Bamboo in Hydrochloric Acid Solution by Microwave Heating

Shen

Sun

et al. 2015

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…The bands at 3500 to 3300 cm -1 belong to -OH stretching vibrations (Sevilla and Fuertes 2009), and they decreased after hydrothermal treatment; this was attributed to the dehydration reaction. The bands at 1710 cm -1 and 1000 to 1460 cm -1 can be attributed to C=O and C-O-C groups, respectively (Calucci et al 2012). The decrease in these bands indicates carbon dioxide (CO2) generation.…”

Section: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Residence Time on Hydrothermal Carbonization of Corn Cob Residual

et al. 2015

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Hydrothermal carbonization is a promising technique for conversion of industrial waste into valuable products. Producing hydrochar from corn cob residual (CCR) in a cost-effective way is key, from an economic standpoint. For this purpose, the effect of residence time in the range of 0.5 to 6 h was studied under the optimal temperature of 250 °C. Results showed that the higher heating value (HHV) of hydrochar increased approximately 40% in comparison to that of the raw material; however, prolonging the residence time beyond 0.5 h had a negligible effect on the HHV increase. Chemical compositions and H/C and O/C ratios of hydrochars revealed a minimal effect of longer residence time. Furthermore, thermogravimetric and derivative thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of hydrochars also verified that the pyrolysis behavior and chemical structure of hydrochars with various residence times were similar.

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“…Schulze et al (2016) also found hydrochars to have both a readily available C pool and a slower mineralizable pool. While hydrothermal carbonization of our feedstocks was found to transform hemicellulose completely and cellulose partially (Calucci et al 2013), cellulose is not affected at temperatures of 200-230°C during mild pyrolysis treatment . The different transformations of cellulose between hydrothermal and mild pyrolysis treatments may explain the slower decomposition rate of hydrochars in the long than short run.…”

Section: Influence Of Pyrolysis Temperature On Biochar Mineralizationmentioning

confidence: 79%

Biochar persistence, priming and microbial responses to pyrolysis temperature series

Budai

Rasse

Lagomarsino³

et al. 2016

Biol Fertil Soils

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Biochar and its properties can be significantly altered according to how it is produced, and this has ramifications towards how biochar behaves once added to soil. We produced biochars from corncob and miscanthus straw via different methods (slow pyrolysis, hydrothermal and flash carbonization) and temperatures to assess how carbon cycling and soil microbial communities were affected. Mineralization of biochar, its parent feedstock, and native soil organic matter were monitored using 13 C natural abundance during a 1-year lab incubation. Bacterial and fungal community compositions were studied using T-RFLP and ARISA, respectively. We found that persistent biochar-C with a half-life 60 times higher than the parent feedstock can be achieved at pyrolysis temperatures of as low as 370°C, with no further gains to be made at higher temperatures. Biochar re-applied to soil previously incubated with our highest temperature biochar mineralized faster than when applied to unamended soil. Positive priming of native SOC was observed for all amendments but subsided by the end of the incubation. Fungal and bacterial community composition of the soil-biochar mixture changed increasingly with the application of biochars produced at higher temperatures as compared to unamended soil. Those changes were significantly (P < 0.005) related to biochar properties (mainly pH and O/C) and thus were correlated to pyrolysis temperature. In conclusion, our results suggest that biochar produced at temperatures as low as 370°C can be utilized to sequester C in soil for more than 100 years while having less impact on soil microbial activities than high-temperature biochars.

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Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Characterization of Chars Obtained from Hydrothermal Carbonization of Corncob and Miscanthus

Cited by 47 publications

References 65 publications

Wet Torrefaction of Bamboo in Hydrochloric Acid Solution by Microwave Heating

Wet Torrefaction of Bamboo in Hydrochloric Acid Solution by Microwave Heating

Effect of Residence Time on Hydrothermal Carbonization of Corn Cob Residual

Biochar persistence, priming and microbial responses to pyrolysis temperature series

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