Hydrothermal carbonization of olive mill wastewater

Nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) has proven to be a promising solution for contaminant remediation, but its application is limited due to its high cost of synthesis and instability. Encapsulating the nZVI in carbon spheres generates more stable particles with improved properties due to the adsorption capacity provided by the carbon. The aim of this work was to synthesize thin shell carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles (CE-nFe) through hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) using olive mill wastewater as a carbonaceous source, which is a cheaper and more sustainable method of synthesis than the current practice. With this method, a high quality nanomaterial was obtained, which displayed surface areas up to 220 m 2 /g and was composed of ∼4 nm iron nanoparticles spheres surrounded by a thin layer of carbon (<1 nm). The effect of HTC conditions on the nanoparticle structure and morphology was evaluated. Post-treatment of the samples under nitrogen flow at high temperatures (600−800 °C) was used to increase the ZVI content of the samples. Finally, the synthesized CE-nFe were tested for the removal of heavy metals from water. Thanks to the carbon layer, CE-nFe proved to avoid the delivery of heavy metal ions back to water, a behavior previously observed with nZVI due to its aging after long time periods.

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“…of Supporting Information and are similar to those reported for OMW in other works, having a high organic carbon content and an acidic pH 25,26 .…”

Section: Comparison Between Omw and Glucose As A Feedstock For Ce-nfesupporting

confidence: 77%

Green Synthesis of Thin Shell Carbon-Encapsulated Iron Nanoparticles via Hydrothermal Carbonization

Calderón

Smith

Aracil

et al. 2018

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…HTC also has been shown to improve the biodegradability of wastewaters. A combination of HTC with biogas production was proposed by various groups [7,27]. A combination of HTC with WO could improve the overall process further by degradation of toxic compounds, leading to an improved subsequent biological treatment and providing heat for the HTC process.…”

Section: Biodegradability and Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HTC can be used to produce solid carbonaceous materials (hydrochars) from various waste biomasses, e.g. municipal waste streams [1], sewage sludge [2][3][4], manure [5], fecal biomass [6], brewer's spent grain [7], or green/organic wastes. Several different uses for hydrochars from HTC are proposed and currently under investigation, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combination of hydrothermal carbonization and wet oxidation of various biomasses

Riedel

Koehler

Poerschmann

et al. 2015

Chemical Engineering Journal

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“…OMW components were identified in the extracts according to their retention times and molecular weights by referring to previous related work [30].…”

Section: Instrumental Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of inert fractions in olive mill wastewater by size and structural fractionation before and after thermal acid cracking treatment

Haksevenler

Arslan-Alaton

2015

Separation and Purification Technology

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Hydrothermal carbonization of olive mill wastewater

Cited by 81 publications

References 35 publications

Green Synthesis of Thin Shell Carbon-Encapsulated Iron Nanoparticles via Hydrothermal Carbonization

Green Synthesis of Thin Shell Carbon-Encapsulated Iron Nanoparticles via Hydrothermal Carbonization

Combination of hydrothermal carbonization and wet oxidation of various biomasses

Evidence of inert fractions in olive mill wastewater by size and structural fractionation before and after thermal acid cracking treatment

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