Hydrothermal carbonization of the filter bed  remained after filtration of olive mill wastewater on olive stones for biofuel application

Enaime, Ghizlane; Baçaoui, Abdelaziz; Yaacoubi, Abdelrani; Wichern, Marc; Lübken, Manfred

doi:10.1007/s13399-020-00743-9

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Thus, the reuse of the PW has a minor effect at T R below 220 °C, except for the initial pH of the next HTC-run and initialising the aforementioned reactions [48]. However, applying 240 °C resulted in an increment of H/C ratios, which points out a higher degree of carbonization or aromaticity [35].…”

Section: Effect Of Temperature and Recirculation Steps On Hydrochar Mass Yields Physicochemical And Energetic Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…To understand these processes, and to be able to produce tailored-chars with a low amount of oxygen-and nitrogencontaining surface functional groups and correspondingly a lower electrical resistance in the future [33], the solid and the liquid phase are analysed. In this context a suitable tool is the PW recirculation, which results in promotion of the relevant reactions such as depolymerization, deoxygenation, dehydration, decarboxylation as well as dimerization and cyclization [34][35][36]. It has to be considered that longchain intermediates and products will be found in the solid, but their shorter chain precursors are in the liquid phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Process Water Recirculation During Hydrothermal Carbonization as a Promising Process Step Towards the Production of Nitrogen-Doped Carbonaceous Materials

Wüst

Pablo

Habicht³

et al. 2021

Waste Biomass Valor

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Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) refers to the conversion of biogenic wastes into char-like solids with promising perspectives for application, but a process water (PW) results which is difficult to dispose untreated. Thus, a biorefinery approach including one or two recirculation steps with the additional objective of improving the physico-chemical characteristics of the solid was performed in this study. During HTC, constitutive molecules such as saccharides, proteins and lignin of Brewer’s Spent Grains decompose into hundreds of organic compounds, following complex reactions. To get deeper insights a combination of proximate, ultimate and structural analysis for solid products as well as liquid chromatography for liquid products were the choice. The main reactions could be identified by key compounds of low and high molecular weight resulting from hydrolysis, dehydration, decarboxylation, deamination as well as amide formation and condensation reactions. Their intensity was influenced by the feedwater pH and reaction temperature. Via reactions of Maillard character up to around 90% of the dissolved nitrogen of the recirculated process water at 200, 220 and 240 °C result in the formation of nitrogen containing heterocycles or rather Quartnernary nitrogen incorporated into the hydrochar (HC). Thus, already one recirculation step during HTC at 240 °C promises the fabrication of high added-value materials, i.e. nitrogen doped carbonaceous materials. Graphic Abstract

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Section: Effect Of Temperature and Recirculation Steps On Hydrochar Mass Yields Physicochemical And Energetic Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process Water Recirculation During Hydrothermal Carbonization as a Promising Process Step Towards the Production of Nitrogen-Doped Carbonaceous Materials

Wüst

Pablo

Habicht³

et al. 2021

Waste Biomass Valor

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“…Next to AC, biochar (BC) is increasingly being recognized as a potential technical and ecological adsorbent for organic and inorganic pollutants from contaminated waters. BC is a pyrogenic black carbon derived from the thermal conversion of feedstocks in O-limited conditions [88][89][90]. Feedstocks used for BC come from a wide range of sources, and are readily available in large quantities and at low cost [91].…”

Section: Assessment Of Various Adsorbents For MC Removalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorbents Used for Microcystin Removal from Water Sources: Current Knowledge and Future Prospects

et al. 2022

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The increasing occurrence of toxic cyanobacteria in water sources, driven by climate change and eutrophication, is of great concern worldwide today. Cyanobacterial blooms can negatively affect water bodies and generate harmful secondary metabolites, namely microcystins (MCs), which significantly impair water quality. Various adsorbents used for MC removal from water sources were assessed in this investigation. Activated carbon constitutes the most widely used adsorbent for treating contaminated waters due to its high affinity for adsorbing MCs. Alternative adsorbents have also been proposed and reported to provide higher efficiency, but the studies carried out so far in this regard are still insufficient. The mechanisms implicated in MC adsorption upon different adsorbents should be further detailed for a better optimization of the adsorption process. Certainly, adsorbent characteristics, water pH and temperature are the main factors influencing the adsorption of MCs. In this context, optimization studies must be performed considering the effectiveness, economic aspects associated with each adsorbent. This review provides guidelines for more practical field applications of the adsorption in the treatment of waters actually contaminated with MCs.

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“…Biochar is determined by its stable C existing in the inorganic phase in the form of carbonate and bicarbonate, and in the organic phase as aliphatic carbon, aromatic carbon, and functionalized carbon [32,43]. The elemental composition of biochar is constituted by major elements (C, H, O, and N) and other elements (P, S, Si, Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn) present in variable percentages depending on the nature of feedstock and the pyrolysis conditions [47,48]. These elements make the surface of the biochar heterogeneous and reactive [49,50].…”

Section: Physiochemical Characteristics Of Biocharmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These elements make the surface of the biochar heterogeneous and reactive [49,50]. Higher pyrolysis temperatures intensified polymerization reactions and reduced the atomic ratios of H/C and O/C [38,48]. Biochars typically have a lower molar H/C ratio than that of feedstocks [51,52], indicating a high content of aromatic structures and a potential recalcitrance of the biochar.…”

Section: Physiochemical Characteristics Of Biocharmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural Waste-Based Biochar for Agronomic Applications

Enaime

Lübken

2021

Applied Sciences

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Agricultural activities face several challenges due to the intensive increase in population growth and environmental issues. It has been established that biochar can be assigned a useful role in agriculture. Its agronomic application has therefore received increasing attention recently. The literature shows different applications, e.g., biochar serves as a soil ameliorant to optimize soil structure and composition, and it increases the availability of nutrients and the water retention capacity in the soil. If the biochar is buried in the soil, it decomposes very slowly and thus serves as a long-term store of carbon. Limiting the availability of pesticides and heavy metals increases soil health. Biochar addition also affects soil microbiology and enzyme activity and contributes to the improvement of plant growth and crop production. Biochar can be used as a compost additive and animal feed and simultaneously provides a contribution to minimizing greenhouse gas emissions. Several parameters, including biochar origin, pyrolysis temperature, soil type when biochar is used as soil amendment, and application rate, control biochar’s efficiency in different agricultural applications. Thus, special care should be given when using a specific biochar for a specific application to prevent any negative effects on the agricultural environment.

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Hydrothermal carbonization of the filter bed remained after filtration of olive mill wastewater on olive stones for biofuel application

Cited by 20 publications

References 58 publications

Process Water Recirculation During Hydrothermal Carbonization as a Promising Process Step Towards the Production of Nitrogen-Doped Carbonaceous Materials

Process Water Recirculation During Hydrothermal Carbonization as a Promising Process Step Towards the Production of Nitrogen-Doped Carbonaceous Materials

Adsorbents Used for Microcystin Removal from Water Sources: Current Knowledge and Future Prospects

Agricultural Waste-Based Biochar for Agronomic Applications

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