Hydrothermal Liquefaction Enhanced by Various Chemicals as a Means of Sustainable Dairy Manure Treatment

Abstract

Abstract:Because of the increase in concentrated animal feeding operations, there is a growing interest in sustainable manure management. In this study, hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of dairy manure enhanced by various chemicals (NH 3 ·H 2 O, H 3 PO 4 , and glycerol) was proposed as a sustainable alternative for the dairy manure management. The applications of NH 3 ·H 2 O and H 3 PO 4 during HTL could significantly enhance the production of liquid chemicals. The addition of NH 3 ·H 2 O or glycerol increased the amounts of non-polar toluene, xylene, and other benzene-contained compounds, while the use of H 3 PO 4 produced high amounts of acids, pyridine, 3-methyl-pyridine, 2,6-dimethyl-pyrazine, 2-cyclopenten-1-ones, and phenols. The biochars produced via HTL showed a significant increase in the surface area/pore volume and relatively higher N, P, C, and other minerals, and may serve as a good soil amendment and nutrient source. The preliminary energy analyses showed that the energy consumption of this process might be reduced to 50% of the original energy content of the feedstock, and the energy payback period was about 3.5 years. Combining all advantages, HTL of dairy manure might increase the sustainability of the farming operation via producing energy products, fine chemicals, and biochars.

Biocrude Production Using a Novel Cyanobacterium: Pilot-Scale Cultivation and Lipid Extraction via Hydrothermal Liquefaction

“…This accords with prior studies that produced biocrude from cyanobacteria and microalgae such as Spirulina, Chlorella, Scenedesmus obliquus, and Botryococcus braunii [13,21,22]. Biochar, another component of the hydrothermal liquefaction process, has various applications such as carbon capture, improving soil and water quality, and as animal feed [23]. Importantly, biochar improves water quality by removing cyanobacteria-derived toxins such as microcystins from harmful blooms [24].…”

Key Processes for the Energy Use of Biomass in Rural Sectors of Latin America

“…A variety of agricultural residues have been studied, such as banana peel [81], tomato processing residues [82], rice husk [83], barley straw [84], cane bagasse [85], oil palm residues [86], spend coffee grains [87], and corn stalk [88]. Regarding manure, different types have been studied: cattle manure [89], pig manure [90], and rabbit manure [91].…”

Solvothermal liquefaction of waste polyurethane using supercritical toluene in presence of noble metal catalysts

“…5 Temperature is a critical factor in the HTL process. While temperatures between 250 C and 400 C are regarded ideal for HTL, gas formation reactions are prominent at temperatures above 400 C, whereas carbonization reactions are dominating and solid product formation is strong at temperatures between 180 C and 250 C. 6,7 While HTL has been predominantly performed for wet biowastes like sewage sludge, 8,9 animal manure, 10,11 and municipal solid waste, 12,13 it has also been reported for plastics. 14,15 In fact, the literature suggests that HTL could depolymerize PU and generate a liquid product rich in polyols and amines free from urethane bonds.…”