Hydrothermal liquefaction of isolated cuticle of  Agave americana  and  Capsicum annuum:  Chemical characterization of petroleum-like products

Hartman, Blaine E.; Hatcher, Patrick G.

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2015.04.044

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…FT-ICR MS reveals that this part is mainly composed of poly-oxygenated highly condensed structures, which is important for direction further treatment and evaluation the utilization [ 52 , 163 ]. However, FT-ICR MS is not competent for the detection of components with low MWs, indicating that conventional chromatographic techniques are necessary for the complete elucidation of biooils [ 76 , 164 ]. Another factor limiting its application is the high cost of the instrument setup, which impels researchers to search for alternative HRMS techniques.…”

Section: Advanced Instrumental Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2D NMR and solid state 2D NMR have been proven versatile techniques for the structural analysis of lignin and biomass [ 176 , 177 ]. Heteronuclear single-quantum correlation-nuclear magnetic resonance (HSQC-NMR) was used to characterize the types of C-H bonds and their presence in different moieties of compounds in biooils [ 32 , 57 , 75 , 164 ]. 2D 1 H- 13 C HSQC-NMR was successfully used in the characterization of pyrolytic sugars in fractions of biooil by providing different C-H types in aliphatic, guaiacol, and ferulate structures [ 32 ] (see Figure 8 ).…”

Section: Advanced Instrumental Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analytical Strategies Involved in the Detailed Componential Characterization of Biooil Produced from Lignocellulosic Biomass

et al. 2017

International Journal of Analytical Chemistry

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Elucidation of chemical composition of biooil is essentially important to evaluate the process of lignocellulosic biomass (LCBM) conversion and its upgrading and suggest proper value-added utilization like producing fuel and feedstock for fine chemicals. Although the main components of LCBM are cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin, the chemicals derived from LCBM differ significantly due to the various feedstock and methods used for the decomposition. Biooil, produced from pyrolysis of LCBM, contains hundreds of organic chemicals with various classes. This review covers the methodologies used for the componential analysis of biooil, including pretreatments and instrumental analysis techniques. The use of chromatographic and spectrometric methods was highlighted, covering the conventional techniques such as gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectrometry. The combination of preseparation methods and instrumental technologies is a robust pathway for the detailed componential characterization of biooil. The organic species in biooils can be classified into alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, benzene-ring containing hydrocarbons, ethers, alcohols, phenols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, carboxylic acids, and other heteroatomic organic compounds. The recent development of high resolution mass spectrometry and multidimensional hyphenated chromatographic and spectrometric techniques has considerably elucidated the composition of biooils.

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Section: Advanced Instrumental Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Advanced Instrumental Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Strategies Involved in the Detailed Componential Characterization of Biooil Produced from Lignocellulosic Biomass

et al. 2017

International Journal of Analytical Chemistry

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“…Besides being an abundantly available and CO 2 ‐neutral energy source, biomass is a practical source of renewable liquid fuel . Bio‐oil obtained from liquefaction of biomass has an energy value and chemical compositions close to petroleum‐based diesel and is one of the many promising alternative transportation fuels . A typical biomass of barley straw is one of the most abundant agricultural wastes produced in China, with approximately 740 million tons, which is equivalent to the energy provided by 130 million tons of standard coal .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thermo‐chemical liquefaction of biomass has generated increasing attention because of its advantages over other processes with respect to its high energy density, short reaction period, extensive applicability of raw materials, and easy realization of commercial production. HTL is one of the techniques of thermo‐chemical conversion of biomass; HTL produces liquid bio‐oil in the presence of H 2 O and a suitable catalyst at a moderate‐to‐high temperature (200–500 °C) and pressure (5–30 MPa) . A schematic overview of hydrothermal processing is shown in Figure ; a liquid bio‐oil is obtained as the main product, with gaseous‐, aqueous‐, and solid‐phase by‐products, and almost all products can be utilized in the field of advanced carbon materials, chemicals, or traffic industry .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on the operating conditions of producing bio-oil from hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass

Xue

Chen

Zhao

et al. 2016

Int. J. Energy Res.

107

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Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a promising technology that involves converting biomass into a liquid energy carrier called bio-oil in sub/supercritical water. The unique physico-chemical properties of bio-oil, particularly its remarkably high energy density, renewability, and sustainability, can address current global environmental challenges and energy crisis. This review assesses the influence of operating parameters, including biomass type, reaction temperature, holding time, biomass/H 2 O ratio, heating rate, pressure, and atmosphere, and catalysis, on the yield and quality of bio-oil. The existing problems in HTL are also analyzed, and its further development is explored.

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“…is challenging, regardless of the ionization method employed, demonstrating that conventional GC and LC chromatographic methods are necessary for the complete analysis of bio‐oils. This is particularly demonstrated in the work of Hartman and Hatcher who analyzed cuticular HTL bio‐oil with NMR, GC × GC‐MS and FT‐ICRMS. According to the chromatographic findings their bio‐oil contained mainly hydrocarbons (cyclic and bicyclic‐alkanes and alkenes) and aromatic hydrocarbons (alkyl benzenes and naphthalenes) along with smaller amounts of oxygenated compounds (phenols, carbonyl etc.).…”

Section: High‐resolution Mass Spectrometry Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Advanced analytical techniques for bio‐oil characterization

Michailof

Kalogiannis

Sfetsas

et al. 2016

WIREs Energy & Environment

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Bio-oil (pyrolysis oil) is the liquid product of biomass thermochemical conversion. It is a dark, viscous liquid that contains the depolymerization products of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin. The physicochemical properties of bio-oils are determined by employing the conventional methods for fuels analysis with proper adaptations. However, the detailed composition of bio-oils in terms of analytes as well as their concentration remains ambiguous and is a challenging task for analytical chemistry. The compounds in the bio-oil range from nonpolar (e.g., hydrocarbons) to highly polar (e.g., phenolics) and from volatile (e.g., organic acids) to nonvolatile (e.g., sugar derivatives), covering a molecular weight (MW) range of about 50-2000 Da. Hence a combination of analytical techniques such as high pressure liquid chromatography, gas chromatography (GC), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) are required to determine the bio-oil's composition. Despite the significant breakthroughs of these techniques, they face limitations regarding the sample pretreatment, the incomplete separation and determination of components, and the need of multiple analyses with each method for more complete results. The development of sophisticated, comprehensive, and hyphenated chromatographic and spectrometric techniques such as GC × GC, LC × LC, high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), and 2D-NMR has brought actual advancement in the field of bio-oil analysis. GC × GC and LC × LC have allowed the development of qualitative and quantitative methods for the individual determination of lower MW compounds. However, HRMS and 2D-NMR have facilitated the elucidation of the structure of the higher MW components, offering insight in the effect of pyrolysis conditions on biomass depolymerization and the possibilities for further upgrading of bio-oils.

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Hydrothermal liquefaction of isolated cuticle of Agave americana and Capsicum annuum: Chemical characterization of petroleum-like products

Cited by 17 publications

References 36 publications

Analytical Strategies Involved in the Detailed Componential Characterization of Biooil Produced from Lignocellulosic Biomass

Analytical Strategies Involved in the Detailed Componential Characterization of Biooil Produced from Lignocellulosic Biomass

A review on the operating conditions of producing bio-oil from hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass

Advanced analytical techniques for bio‐oil characterization

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