Hydrothermal liquefaction of woody biomass in hot-compressed water: Catalyst screening and comprehensive characterization of bio-crude oils

Nazari, Laleh; Yuan, Zhongshun; Souzanchi, Sadra; Ray, Madhumita B.; Xu, Chunbao

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2015.08.055

Cited by 195 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…If compared with the feedstock, biocrudes exhibit a decrease in intensity at 1000-1070 cm −1 , along with the loss of a peak at 1056 cm −1 . This is probably due to breaking the β-O-4 or/and α-O-4 ether bonds of lignin, as also confirmed by other studies [20,36,37], suggesting that the feedstock underwent to hydrolysis depolymerization [10,20]. The macromolecular lignin backbone is in fact preferentially fragmented by ether bonds, which can be more easily broken than the C-C linkages through hydrolysis reactions [10].…”

Section: Ftir Analysissupporting

confidence: 65%

Lignocellulosic Ethanol Biorefinery: Valorization of Lignin-Rich Stream through Hydrothermal Liquefaction

Miliotti¹,

Dell’Orco

Lotti³

et al. 2019

Energies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hydrothermal liquefaction of lignin-rich stream from lignocellulosic ethanol production at an industrial scale was carried out in a custom-made batch test bench. Light and heavy fractions of the HTL biocrude were collected following an ad-hoc developed two-steps solvent extraction method. A full factorial design of experiment was performed, investigating the influence of temperature, time and biomass-to-water mass ratio (B/W) on product yields, biocrude elemental composition, molecular weight and carbon balance. Total biocrude yields ranged from 39.8% to 65.7% w/w. The Temperature was the main influencing parameter as regards the distribution between the light and heavy fractions of the produced biocrude: the highest amount of heavy biocrude was recovered at 300 °C, while at 350 and 370 °C the yield of the light fraction increased, reaching 41.7% w/w at 370 °C. Instead, the B/W ratio did not have a significant effect on light and heavy biocrude yields. Feedstock carbon content was mainly recovered in the biocrude (up to 77.6% w/w). The distribution between the light and heavy fractions followed the same trend as the yields. The typical aromatic structure of the lignin-rich stream was also observed in the biocrudes, indicating that mainly hydrolysis depolymerization occurred. The weight-average molecular weight of the total biocrude was strictly related to the process temperature, decreasing from 1146 at 300 °C to 565 g mol−1 at 370 °C.

show abstract

Section: Ftir Analysissupporting

confidence: 65%

Lignocellulosic Ethanol Biorefinery: Valorization of Lignin-Rich Stream through Hydrothermal Liquefaction

Miliotti¹,

Dell’Orco

Lotti³

et al. 2019

Energies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Base catalyzed HTL of lignin seems to promote phenol formation. According to Nazari et al [56], phenol derivatives (mainly 2-methoxy phenol), and aliphatic compounds, constituted significant composition of bio-crude oil yield, resulting from the use of base catalyst (KOH). Yuan et al [53], reported that, higher temperature, and long reaction time increased the phenol combination rate, leading to re-polymerization, and cross-linking among phenol and the side chains of the degraded lignin.…”

Section: Phenolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin Hydrothermal Liquefaction into Bifunctional Chemicals: A Concise Review

Alhassan¹,

Hornung²,

Bugaje³

2020

Biorefinery Concepts, Energy and Products

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lignin, the second largest biomass after cellulose is underutilized. Yet, it remains the only natural source of aromatic, and phenolic compounds. It is imperative to, amidst the expanding interest on biomass conversion, to accord the necessary attention towards lignin degradation into value added chemicals. Specifically, its phenyl, guaiacyl, and syringyl derivatives. Understanding lignin degradation chemistry, goes a long way in its selective valorization into fuels and chemicals via thermochemical routes such as hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL). Therefore, development of technologies targeting value addition of products and by-products from lignin, would undoubtedly give way to emerging markets in the industry. Previous review papers focused on the general HTL of biomass, food waste, algae, and their model compounds. However, review on HTL of lignin is scarcely available. This paper presents the detailed literature analyses of the current trend in lignin degradation via HTL. Effect of HTL conditions including temperature, heating rate and catalyst has been reviewed. In-depth discussion on use of ionic liquids as catalyst for HTL of lignin has also been compiled. Other lignin degradation techniques such as pyrolysis and hydrolysis were also discussed. This is aimed at bringing together an up-to-date information on lignin degradation into selected chemical intermediates.

show abstract

“…Universities are also investigating various aspects of HTL production. To name just a few, University of Toronto is researching the production of HTL bio oils from algae (Cheng et al, 2016), University of Western Ontario and Lakehead are exploring HTL of various barks , and University of Western Ontario is also exploring HTL composition and catalyst selection for wood biomass feedstocks (Nazari et al, 2015). A notable variation on the aforementioned processes includes David Bressler's work at the University of Alberta which involves the production of drop-in hydrocarbon fuels from lipids, including the two step hydrolysis and pyrolysis of waste oil and fats to produce a product that has a 76-80% organic liquid fraction which is composed of 30% gasoline-equivalent fraction and 50% diesel fraction (Asomaning et al, 2014).…”

Section: Various Grades Of Bio Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%