Hydrothermal <sup>3</sup>He and manganese plumes at 19°29′S on the Central Indian Ridge

Jean‐Baptiste, Philippe; Mantisi, F.; Pauwells, Hélène; Grimaud, Daniel; Patriat, P.

doi:10.1029/92gl00577

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Corresponding to a water-column hydrothermal signal discovered as early as the late eighties and recently (Jean-Baptiste et al 1992;Kawagucci et al 2008), two new areas of hydrothermal activity with associated chemosynthetic fauna were newly discovered in 2009 on the CIR at 18-20 S (Nakamura et al 2012). The Solitaire hydrothermal field extends over an area measuring approximately 50 Â 50 m, which is comparable to the areas of the KHF and Edmond fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

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Tectonic Background of Four Hydrothermal Fields Along the Central Indian Ridge

Okino

Nakamura

Sato

2014

Subseafloor Biosphere Linked to Hydrothermal Systems

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Since the discovery of the Kairei hydrothermal field at the southernmost end of the Central Indian Ridge (CIR) in 2000, only four active hydrothermal vent fields have subsequently been discovered. These four hydrothermal fields show remarkable diversity in the chemical compositions of fluids and associated ecosystems. Focused geophysical mapping and rock sampling indicate that different tectonic setting constrains the different hydrothermal activity for each field. Two hydrothermal fields in the southern CIR are located on the axial rift-valley wall. The hydrogen-rich Kairei hydrothermal field at 25 19 0 S is constrained by both basaltic magmatism and detachment faulting that exhume ultramafic rocks on a shallow subsurface, whereas no evidence of ultramafic exposure is recognized in the typical mid-ocean ridge type Edmond hydrothermal field at 23 52 0 S. Two other hydrothermal fields have been newly discovered in the central CIR. The Solitaire field at 19 33 0 S is located about 2.6 km away from the neo-volcanic zone and is likely influenced by intra-plate volcanism. The Dodo field at 18 20 0 S is located at the center of the axial valley floor, where a basaltic sheet-lava flow buries the seafloor. The lava morphology and the existence of an adjacent large off-axis seamount support the idea that excess melt is supplied in this segment. The anomalous magmatism is likely influenced by mantle plume components or by a large-offset transform fault just north of the segment. The large diversity found in the four hydrothermal fields along the CIR provides important insights on the tectonic control of global hydrothermal systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…The Solitaire field is located at the western flank of the CIR-S15B segment center. It was first predicted by a hydrothermal plume anomaly surveyed in the late 1980s (Jean-Baptiste et al 1992). As described in Sect.…”

Section: Tectonic Background Of Hydrothermal Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tectonic Background of Four Hydrothermal Fields Along the Central Indian Ridge

Okino

Nakamura

Sato

2014

Subseafloor Biosphere Linked to Hydrothermal Systems

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“…Kumagai et al (2008), 4. Van Dover et al (2001 the area situated from 18-20 S on the CIR had been suggested by two previous surveys that detected hydrothermal anomalies in the water column (Jean-Baptiste et al 1992;German et al 2001). In December 2006, an extensive plume survey was conducted in the CIR region approximately 19 S during the KH 06-4 cruise on the R/V Hakuho-maru using vertical and tow-yo hydrocasts and the AUV r2D4.…”

Section: Dodo Hydrothermal Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The location of the Solitaire hydrothermal field is approximately 150 km south of the Dodo hydrothermal field. As for the Dodo field, during the KH 06-4 cruise on the R/V Hakuho-maru in December 2006, an extensive plume survey was conducted using vertical and tow-yo hydrocasts and the AUV r2D4 in the area where the existence of hydrothermal activity had been suggested by previous studies (Jean-Baptiste et al 1992;German et al 2001). During the survey, evident plume signatures of anomalies hydrothermally derived CH 4 , Mn Fig.…”

Section: Solitaire Hydrothermal Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indian Ocean Hydrothermal Systems: Seafloor Hydrothermal Activities, Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Hydrothermal Fluids, and Vent-Associated Biological Communities

Nakamura

Takai

2014

Subseafloor Biosphere Linked to Hydrothermal Systems

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In the nearly 40 years since the discovery of the deep-sea hydrothermal vent site at the Galápagos spreading center, more than 300 sites of high-temperature hydrothermal venting have been discovered and investigated around the world. Surprisingly, however, most of these sites are located in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, whereas only five hydrothermal vent sites have been discovered in the Indian Ocean. During the TAIGA project, we conducted four research cruises to investigate four of the five Indian Ocean hydrothermal vent sites (two of which were newly discovered during one of the TAIGA cruises) located along the Central Indian Ridge (CIR). The results of geological and geochemical analyses demonstrate wide variation in fluid chemistry, reflecting the diverse geological background of the CIR hydrothermal vent fields. Although the CIR is an intermediate-spreading ridge, the geological and geochemical features of the Kairei hydrothermal field appear to be similar to ultramafic rock-hosted hydrothermal fields found along the slow-spreading Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). By contrast, the Dodo hydrothermal field shares similarities with the hydrothermal vent sites found along the fast-spreading East Pacific Rise. The Solitaire and Edmond hydrothermal fields are characterized by high pH and Cl levels, respectively, although the geological background underlying the unusual chemistry of their hydrothermal fluids is still uncertain. Additionally, extensive microbiological analyses of the Kairei hydrothermal vent site revealed that its microbial communities are affected by the chemical characteristics of the hydrothermal vent fluids. Macrofaunal analyses also revealed new faunal data for the Indian Ocean hydrothermal vents, including novel genera and families that are potentially indigenous to the Indian Ocean hydrothermal systems. In particular, the discovery and characterization of a new morphotype of "scaly-foot" gastropod raises the question of the mechanism and physiological role of iron sulfide mineralization. The results of our investigations extended knowledge of the Indian Ocean hydrothermal systems including geochemical variations of hydrothermal fluids, their relationships to the geological

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“…They also reported excess δ 3 He of more than 10% at mid-depth (2000 -3000 m) in the central Indian Ocean. Jean-Baptiste et al (1992) and Kawagucci et al (2008) found hydrothermal plumes with δ 3 He higher than 30% in the area of 18 -20°S on the Central Indian Ridge, near the Rodriguez Triple Junction with anomalies of methane isotopes. Moreover, Gamo et al (2001) found high temperature (360°C) fluids near the Rodriguez Triple Junction and reported a very high 3 He/ 4 He ratio of 7.9 R a of the vent fluid, where R a is the atmospheric 3 He/ 4 He ratio of 1.4 × 10 -6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of helium-3 plumes and deep-sea circulation in the central Indian Ocean

Takahata¹,

Shirai²,

Ohmori³

et al. 2018

Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci.

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We report helium isotope data collected in the central Indian Ocean, from the Arabian Sea to the Southern Ocean, during a Japanese GEOTRACES cruise in 2009 -2010. We found hydrothermal helium-3 plumes and confirmed that 3 He/ 4 He ratio anomalies were almost the same as those observed in WOCE cruises conducted in 1990s, which indicates the hydrothermal activity and abyssal currents have not changed largely for the last few decades. Maximum δ 3 He value over 14% was observed at mid-depth (2000 -3000 m) in the northern part (north of 30°S) in the central Indian Ocean, whereas lower δ 3 He was found in the southern part at the same depth, where δ 3 He is defined as the percent deviation of the helium isotopic ratio relative to the atmospheric standard. The vertical distribution of δ 3 He shows a similar trend with dissolved iron and manganese distributions in the hydrothermal plume. Lateral δ 3 He distribution at mid-depth using our GEOTRACES data together with WOCE data suggest that the helium-3 plume in the central Indian Ocean derived from the Central Indian Ridge around 20°S. It does not flow northward along the ridge but flows eastward as previously reported. The source of the helium-3 plume observed in the region adjacent to the Indian subcontinent might be in the Gulf of Aden as inferred from water properties. The δ 3 He distribution could reveal clockwise deepwater circulation in the Arabian Sea.

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Hydrothermal ³He and manganese plumes at 19°29′S on the Central Indian Ridge

Cited by 23 publications

References 12 publications

Tectonic Background of Four Hydrothermal Fields Along the Central Indian Ridge

Tectonic Background of Four Hydrothermal Fields Along the Central Indian Ridge

Indian Ocean Hydrothermal Systems: Seafloor Hydrothermal Activities, Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Hydrothermal Fluids, and Vent-Associated Biological Communities

Distribution of helium-3 plumes and deep-sea circulation in the central Indian Ocean

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Hydrothermal 3He and manganese plumes at 19°29′S on the Central Indian Ridge

Cited by 23 publications

References 12 publications

Tectonic Background of Four Hydrothermal Fields Along the Central Indian Ridge

Tectonic Background of Four Hydrothermal Fields Along the Central Indian Ridge

Indian Ocean Hydrothermal Systems: Seafloor Hydrothermal Activities, Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Hydrothermal Fluids, and Vent-Associated Biological Communities

Distribution of helium-3 plumes and deep-sea circulation in the central Indian Ocean

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Hydrothermal ³He and manganese plumes at 19°29′S on the Central Indian Ridge