Hydrothermal synthesis of LiFePO4 nanorods composed of nanoparticles from vivianite precursor and its electrochemical performance for lithium ion battery applications

Rao, Shuai; Varadaraju, U.V.

doi:10.1007/s12034-015-1025-6

Cited by 21 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…These factors may be steering this process via the more locally symmetric and kinetically accessible AFEP phase, via the nonclassical route. Synthesis and stabilization of nanoparticulate (high surface area) material such as AFEP may have several potential applications as a cathode material (LiFePO 4 batteries 45 ) or slow-release fertilizer. 5 Furthermore, the ferrous phosphate system may serve as a model to investigate and draw conclusions for a wider range of hydrated phases with divalent metal ions (having similar hydration enthalpy and ionic radii to Fe 2+ ) and phosphates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…44 Vivianite is also a precursor in the synthesis of LiFePO 4 , a material used for battery (cathode) applications. 45 Yet, the mechanisms controlling vivianite nucleation and crystallization remain unstudied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vivianite is a two-component hydrated solid phase that acts as a crucial mineral controlling the iron and phosphorus element cycles , in modern and ancient ferruginous (Fe 2+ rich) anoxic systems worldwide. ,− In addition, vivianite has a major economical relevance in phosphorus recovery from wastewater − and the removal of harmful contaminants like lead from the environment . Vivianite is also a precursor in the synthesis of LiFePO 4 , a material used for battery (cathode) applications . Yet, the mechanisms controlling vivianite nucleation and crystallization remain unstudied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nucleation and Crystallization of Ferrous Phosphate Hydrate via an Amorphous Intermediate

et al. 2023

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The fundamental processes of nucleation and crystallization are widely observed in systems relevant to material synthesis and biomineralization; yet most often, their mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we unravel the discrete stages of nucleation and crystallization of Fe3(PO4)2·8H2O (vivianite). We experimentally monitored the formation and transformation from ions to solid products by employing correlated, time-resolved in situ and ex situ approaches. We show that vivianite crystallization occurs in distinct stages via a transient amorphous precursor phase. The metastable amorphous ferrous phosphate (AFEP) intermediate could be isolated and stabilized. We resolved the differences in bonding environments, structure, and symmetric changes of the Fe site during the transformation of AFEP to crystalline vivianite through synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the Fe K-edge. This intermediate AFEP phase has a lower water content and less distorted local symmetry, compared to the crystalline end product vivianite. Our combined results indicate that a nonclassical, hydration-induced nucleation and transformation driven by the incorporation and rearrangement of water molecules and ions (Fe2+ and PO4 3–) within the AFEP is the dominating mechanism of vivianite formation at moderately high to low vivianite supersaturations (saturation index ≤ 10.19). We offer fundamental insights into the aqueous, amorphous-to-crystalline transformations in the Fe2+–PO4 system and highlight the different attributes of the AFEP, compared to its crystalline counterpart.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nucleation and Crystallization of Ferrous Phosphate Hydrate via an Amorphous Intermediate

et al. 2023

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“…Vivianite has high economic value, the price of vivianite is about 10,000 €/t. And it is the basic raw material for the production of lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ), Lithium iron phosphate is increasingly used as a precursor in the manufacture of lithium-ion secondary batteries 12 , 13 . The use of vivianite as a pigment can be traced back to the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries 14 , 15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on anaerobic phosphorus release from pig manure and phosphorus recovery by vivianite method

Chen,

Song,

Xing

2023

Sci Rep

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In this study, pig manure rich in phosphorus was used as the recovery object, In order to realize the maximum recovery of phosphorus resources in pig manure, this study established a phosphorus recovery route combining the electrochemical method with the Vivianite method using sacrificial iron anode. And in order to obtain phosphorus rich supernatant, pig manure was treated with different pH values, and the changes in phosphorus components and metal content in the liquid phase were mainly investigated; Graded phosphorus components and microbial communities in the solid phase; Finally, the effect of electrolytic recovery of phosphorus from fermentation supernatant was studied. The results showed that the highest total phosphorus (TP) content in the liquid phase follows a trend of acidity > control > alkalinity; The analysis of the results of solid-phase phosphorus fractionation extraction shows that acidic conditions are more conducive to the release of Non-apatite inorganic phosphorus (NAIP) and Apatite inorganic phosphorus (AP); The microbial community promotes the release of phosphorus by participating in the decomposition of fermentation substrates; The analysis of the change of metal content in the liquid phase before and after electrolysis showed that the two chamber electrolytic cell can not remove other metal components while recovering the vivianite; More than 90% of the phosphorus in the supernatant after fermentation was recovered by electrolysis. The characterization results showed that 84.66% of the precipitate was Vivianite.

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Synthesis of mesoporous manganese dioxide/expanded graphite composite and its lithium-storage performance

et al. 2020

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Hydrothermal synthesis of LiFePO4 nanorods composed of nanoparticles from vivianite precursor and its electrochemical performance for lithium ion battery applications

Cited by 21 publications

References 16 publications

Nucleation and Crystallization of Ferrous Phosphate Hydrate via an Amorphous Intermediate

Nucleation and Crystallization of Ferrous Phosphate Hydrate via an Amorphous Intermediate

Study on anaerobic phosphorus release from pig manure and phosphorus recovery by vivianite method

Synthesis of mesoporous manganese dioxide/expanded graphite composite and its lithium-storage performance

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