Hydrothermal Synthesis of Melamine-Functionalized Covalent Organic Polymer-Blended Alginate Beads for Iron Removal from Water

Abstract

The present study aimed to utilize the advantages of the porous covalent organic frameworks (COFs) by synthesizing in a usable bead form with alginate using hydrothermal method. The melamine-rich covalent organic polymer/alginate (MCOP−Alg) composite beads were utilized for iron removal. The maximum adsorption capacity of MCOP−Alg composite beads was achieved as 53.89 mg g −1 . The synthesized MCOP−Alg composite beads were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis with mapping analysis, Fourier transform infrared, and Brunauer−Emmett−Teller studies. The various adsorption experiments such as contact time, solution pH, competing ions, and temperature have been optimized successfully for iron removal. The equilibrium result was demonstrated with Freundlich, Langmuir, and Dubinin−Radushkevich (D−R) isotherms. The thermodynamic result indicates the endothermic and spontaneous nature. The iron adsorption mechanism follows surface complexation with electrostatic attraction and ion-exchange. Fe(II)-adsorbed MCOP−Alg composite beads could be easily regenerated using 0.5 M HCl. The field study of MCOP−Alg composite beads was also examined.

Wet‐Chemical Synthesis of Elemental 2D Materials

“…As the most versatile wet-chemical synthesis strategies, hydrothermal, solvent-thermal methods are widely used to prepare various 2D materials, such as 2D metal nanosheets, graphene-based 2D materials, TMDs, MOFs, COFs. [66][67][68][69][70][71][72] Despite the significant achievements of hydrothermal, solvent-thermal in the high-yield preparation of 2D materials, their successes in the synthesis of Xenes remain limited. [73][74][75][76] The two-dimensional growth of Xenes in hydrothermal, solvent-thermal approaches is influenced by multiple factors, such as temperature, time, solvent,, surfactant.…”

“…Hydrothermal methods refer to the synthesis via chemical reactions in an aqueous solution at relatively high temperatures, pressures, while solvent‐thermal methods are similar procedures executed in nonaqueous solutions. As the most versatile wet‐chemical synthesis strategies, hydrothermal, solvent‐thermal methods are widely used to prepare various 2D materials, such as 2D metal nanosheets, graphene‐based 2D materials, TMDs, MOFs, COFs [66–72] . Despite the significant achievements of hydrothermal, solvent‐thermal in the high‐yield preparation of 2D materials, their successes in the synthesis of Xenes remain limited [73–76] .…”

Fe3O4-Based Melamine-Rich Covalent Organic Polymer for Simultaneous Removal of Auramine O and Rhodamine B

“…To overcome these difficulties, a variety of modification approaches were attempted by adding different compounds to enhance the dispersibility and stability of Fe 3 O 4 NPs. , So far, diverse materials have been effectively utilized to modify Fe 3 O 4 NPs, including different organic and inorganic modifiers that can be termed as cyclodextrins, silanes, MOFs, , and COFs . To better overcome such demerits, we prepare a covalent organic polymer (COP)-grafted Fe 3 O 4 NP support, in which the COP having a carbon–nitrogen network is an upcoming adsorbent material because of its unique features such as high specific surface area, high pore size, tunability, and easy synthesis …”

“…38 To better overcome such demerits, we prepare a covalent organic polymer (COP)-grafted Fe 3 O 4 NP support, in which the COP having a carbon−nitrogen network is an upcoming adsorbent material because of its unique features such as high specific surface area, high pore size, tunability, and easy synthesis. 39 COP is similar to COFs and is an attractive class of highly porous organic material that has attracted substantial attention in adsorption and separation, catalysis, sensing, proton conductivity, and drug delivery owing to its high porosity, extraordinary surface area, good thermal stability, and topologically designable structures. 40,41 COPs have been well-known as an appealing alternative to MOFs as they offer more stability to various environments.…”