Hydrothermal Synthesis of SnO₂ Nanoparticles and Their Gas-Sensing of Alcohol

Abstract

A hydrothermal method was used to synthesize nanocrystalline SnO 2 particles with an average particle size of 3.0 ( 0.5 nm. Thermally treated SnO 2 with an average diameter of 3.3 ( 0.6 nm was obtained by the annealing of the as-synthesized SnO 2 , which was treated at 300 °C for 1 h under 10% H 2 /Ar. An atomic ratio of 2.3/1 (O/Sn) was observed for the thermally treated SnO 2 compared to 1.2/1 for the as-synthesized one. However, a smaller surface area of 92 m 2 /g was measured for the thermally treated SnO 2 as compared with 130 m 2 /g for the as-synthesized SnO 2 . Due to the occupation of the chloride ions in the oxygen sites of the as-synthesized SnO 2 , the thermally treated SnO 2 displayed better sensing performance for ethanol when compared with as-synthesized SnO 2 . The sensing performance of the as-synthesized SnO 2 sensor can be greatly improved by simply heating it at 350 °C for 5 min to partly remove Clfrom SnO 2 nanoparticles. The thermally treated SnO 2 exhibited good sensitivity to alcohol, i.e., methanol, ethanol, and propanol. The concentration detection limit can be as low as 1.7 ppm. Furthermore, the increased sensor signal was found to depend on the carbon chain number of the alcohol.

Investigation on Structural, Surface Morphological and Dielectric Properties of Zn-doped SnO2 Nanoparticles

“…These defects bring on additional electronic states in the band gap, which can mix with the intrinsic states to a substantial extent and which may influence the spacing of the energy levels and the optical properties of nanopowders. A variety of methods were used to prepare SnO 2 nanostructures, such as hydrothermal method, polymeric and organometallic precursor synthesis, soncation procedure, microwave synthesis and surfactant-mediated method [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] . Zinc is a quite active element.…”

Preparation of tin oxide quantum dots

“…SnO2 quantum dots can be synthesized using many techniques such as laser ablation method [5], wet chemical route [6] and microwave heating method [7]. However, all this method requires critical reaction condition, use of toxic chemicals and longer reaction times [8].…”

Novel Sensing Approach for LPG Leakage Detection—Part II: Effects of Particle Size, Composition, and Coating Layer Thickness

“…Different attributes of the coated layer is varied to optimize the response time of the sensor towards a specified concentration of the gas. Tin oxide (SnO 2 ) has been used in many investigations [7,[10][11][12][13] for the detection of gases due to its semi-conductive property. The structure of SnO 2 [14] makes it advantageous for conduction due to the availability of surface oxygen atoms.…”