Hydrothermal Treatment of Date Palm Lignocellulose Residue for Organic Fertilizer Conversion: Effect on Cell Wall and Aerobic Degradation Rate

Reducing ammonia volatilization during composting of organic waste through addition of hydrothermally treated lignocellulose

“…The schematic diagram of the experimental set-up was reported previously (Nakhshiniev et al, 2012). The amount of grounded residue and water mixture loaded into the reactor was about 60 g, corresponding to 1:3 mixing ratio.…”

“…Previously, a novel hydrothermal treatment technology with mild reaction conditions (160 C < T < 220 C, 0.6 MPa < P < 2.4 MPa, 30 min) was investigated as a treatment step in enhancing biodegradability of lignocellulosic residues for organic fertilizer production (Nakhshiniev et al, 2012). Specifically, hydrothermal treatment was performed to disrupt hemicelluloseelignin association and improve susceptibility of cellulose fibers to microbial attack.…”

Potassium-free Solid Fuel Production from Palm Empty Fruit Bunch by Hydrothermal Treatment

“…The facility consists of a reactor equipped with an automatic stirrer, a controllable electrical heater and a condenser. The detailed configurations of the facility can be found elsewhere [1]. In this experiment, 20 grams of EFB and distilled water in 1:10 biomass-water ratio was supplied to the reactor.…”

Estimated Reduction in Solids During Sheep Bedding Composting as a Function of the Composition of the Organic Fractions

“…The final product of such beddings is a nitrogen-rich (low C/N ratio), very heterogeneous (depending on the ratio between excreta and bedding), partially broken-down material (bedding decomposition over confinement). That makes sheep bedding a very different material from those used in the aforementioned researches (Francou et al 2008;Nakhshiniev, Gonzales, and Yoshikawa 2012).…”

“…The analyses of compostable organic matter (COM) and organic matter resistant to composting (OMRC), described by Kiehl (1985), have been used for many years in Brazil to predict the proportion of easyand hard-to-break down materials during composting. However, recent studies have shown that fractioning fiber into cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin would be the safest way to predict the ease or difficulty of breaking down a certain plant material (Francou et al 2008 andNakhshiniev, Gonzales, andYoshikawa 2012). Francou et al (2008) tested the degradability of different green waste mixes (high lignin content), biowaste (high contents of soluble carbohydrates and nitrogen), and paper-cardboard (high cellulose content) during the composting process.…”