Hydrothermal venting and basin evolution (Devonian, South China): Constraints from rare earth element geochemistry of chert

Chen, Daizhao; Qing, Hairuo; Yan, Xin; He, Lijuan

doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2005.09.020

Cited by 98 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Generally, silica in chert comes from three primary sources: biogenic silica [2, 5, 10, 59], silica related to submarine hydrothermal fluid (submarine volcanism) [1,3,7,9,12,22,58,60], and silica dissolved from detritus [10,12]. Sha et al [20] thought that silica entered chert through replacement and that silica in the chert from the Laibin area came mainly from biogenic silica, and might contain some contribution from volcanic activities.…”

Section: The Origin Of Chertmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The origin of Precambrian chert might result from submarine hydrothermal fluid [3, 6,8,9], whereas that of Phanerozoic chert commonly from accumulation of biogenic silica or deposition of dissolved biogenic silica [2, 5,10,11]. In the recent decades, however, many studies reported Phanerozoic cherts related to submarine hydrothermal fluid, such as Cretaceous chert from Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Leg 32 in the Northern Pacific [1], Jurassic-Cretaceous chert from Francisian Terrane, California [12], Devonian chert from Southern China [7,13]. Those studies have provided crucial constraints to tectonic evolution of sedimentary basins.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Geochemical evidence for submarine hydrothermal origin of the Middle-Upper Permian chert in Laibin of Guangxi, China

Qiu

Wang

2011

Sci. China Earth Sci.

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Lithologically, two kinds of chert can be recognized in the Middle-Upper Permian from the Tieqiao section in Laibin area, Guangxi, i.e., calcic chert occurring mainly in the Maokou Formation and pure chert mainly in the Wujiaping Formation. Geochemical data show that both kinds of chert contain very low Al 2 O 3 (0-0.23%) and TiO 2 (0.001%-0.024%) and low ΣREE (0.55-19.94 ppm, averaging 9.97 ppm), as well as high ratio of Fe 2 O 3 /TiO 2 (17-443, averaging 111) and low ratio of Al 2 O 3 /(Al 2 O 3 +Fe 2 O 3 ) (0-0.26, averaging 0.09). Given that the average value Ce anomalies in chert deposited in the ridge-proximal environment is about 0.29, and that in the pelagic environment is about 0.60, the low Ce anomalies in the Tieqiao chert (0.24-0.46, averaging 0.35) imply that they were deposited in an ocean basin with influence of submarine hydrothermal fluid and no input of terrigenous materials. The vertical variation of the silica abundance in strata (SAIS) in the Middle-Upper Permian strata, together with the Eu anomalies and the ratios of ΣREE/Fe, indicates a relationship between the hydrothermal activity and the Emeishan basalt eruption, and that submarine hydrothermal activity was stronger in the Upper Permian (the Wujiapingian Stage) than in the Middle Permian (the Maokou Stage). chert, geochemistry, submarine hydrothermal fluid, Emeishan basaltCitation:

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Section: The Origin Of Chertmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical evidence for submarine hydrothermal origin of the Middle-Upper Permian chert in Laibin of Guangxi, China

Qiu

Wang

2011

Sci. China Earth Sci.

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“…8A) and slightly positive (La/La*) CN = 0.74-1.8 and (Gd/Gd*) CN = 0.95-27.88 anomalies (Table 2) of the Farsesh barite samples deposited in the marine environment (cf. Chen et al, 2006;Alexander et al, 2008). The REE pattern of the Farsesh barite samples exhibit a positive Eu anomaly ranging from (Eu/Eu*) CN = 1.93 to 11.54 (Table 2), suggesting that these samples were deposited from exhalative hydrothermal fluids (cf.…”

Section: Rare Earth Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The negative Ce anomaly (0.7-0.01) of the host rocks indicates that the host-rock samples precipitated in an oxygenated open-marine environment, at a considerable distance from terrigenous sources (cf. Chen et al, 2006).…”

Section: Rare Earth Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemistry and Fuid-Inclusion Microthermometry of the Farsesh Barite Deposit, Iran

et al. 2014

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The Permian carbonate-hosted Farsesh barite deposit is located southeast of the City of Aligudarz in the province of Lorestan, Iran. Structurally, this deposit lies in the Zagros metallogenic belt and the Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone. Barite mineralisations occur as open-space flling veins, and as massive and replacement ores along fractures, faults and shear zones of the Permian carbonate host rocks. In order to determine the structure, in addition to pe-trographic and fuid-inclusions studies, an ICP-MS analysis was carried out in order to measure the major as well as the trace and rare earth elements. The Farsesh barite deposit has a simple mineralogy, of which barite is the main mineral, followed by calcite, dolomite, quartz, and opaque minerals such as Fe-oxides. Replacement of bar-ite by calcite is common and is more frequent than space-flling mineralisation. Sulphide minerals are minor and mainly consist of chalcopyrite and pyrite, which are altered by weathering to covellite, malachite and azurite. Petrographic analysis and micro-thermometry were carried out on the two-phase liquid/vapour inclusions in ellipsoidal or irregularly shaped minerals ranging in size from 5–10 µm. The measurements were conducted on fuid inclusions during the heating and subsequent homogenisation in the liquid phase. The low homogenisation temperatures (200–125°C) and low to moderate salinity (4.2–20 eq wt% NaCl) indicate that the barite had precipitated from hydrothermal basinal water with low to moderate salinity. It appears from the major and trace elements that geochemical features such as Ba and Sr enrichment in the barite samples was accompanied by depletion of Pb, Zn, Hg, Cu and Sb. The geochemistry of the rare earth elements, such as low σREE concentrations, LREE-enrichment chondrite-normalised REE patterns, the negative Ce and positive Eu anomalies, the low Ce/La ratio and the positive La and Gd anomalies, suggest that the Farsesh barite was deposited from hydrothermally infuenced sea water. The Farsesh deposit contains low-temperature hydrothermal barite. The scatter plots of the barite (close to sea water) in different areas on the CeN/SmN versus CeN/YbN diagram support the possibility that the barite was formed from seawater-bearing hydrothermal fuids.

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“…Eu 2+ commonly occurs in strongly reduced environments related to magmatic processes within the lower crust [24,25] and does not appear in ocean basins except in the hydrothermal system or in the setting with a significant contribution of detrital feldspar minerals [26][27][28]. Therefore, herein the Upper Frasnian positive Eu anomaly observed at the Yangdi section may hint input of special material sources.…”

Section: The Positive Eu Anomaly Indicating Hydro-thermal Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal activities and seawater acidification in the Late Devonian F-F transition: Evidence from geochemistry of rare earth elements

Zeng

Gong

2011

Sci. China Earth Sci.

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Rare-earth elements (REE) in limestones were measured by ICP-MS from the Yangdi section across the Frasnian-Famennian (F-F) transition in Guilin, Guangxi of South China. The average ΣREE contents of measured samples are 33.32 ppm. The average LREE/HREE ratio is 6.35. Data show LREE-enriched REE distribution pattern in the Yangdi section. Most of samples are characterized by positive Eu anomaly with average of 1.13, and there are two maxima of Eu anomaly just below the F-F boundary. Almost all analytical samples show obvious tetrad effects. Remarkable M-shaped tetrad effects are observed in these samples with positive Eu anomaly. The characters of REE and some relative elements (Fe, Mn, Al, etc.) indicate that hydrothermal activities occurred and resulted in seawater acidification in Upper and Lower Kellwasser horizons of the Late Devonian. The changes of marine environment caused by hydrothermal activities, such as seawater acidification, heavy metal pollution, and eutrophication, would destroy the neritic ecosystem and finally result in the F-F mass extinction. Devonian, mass extinction, REE, hydrothermal activities, tetrad effects, seawater acidification Citation:Zeng J W, Xu R, Gong X M. Hydrothermal activities and seawater acidification in the Late Devonian F-F transition: Evidence from geochemistry of rare earth elements.

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Hydrothermal venting and basin evolution (Devonian, South China): Constraints from rare earth element geochemistry of chert

Cited by 98 publications

References 29 publications

Geochemical evidence for submarine hydrothermal origin of the Middle-Upper Permian chert in Laibin of Guangxi, China

Geochemical evidence for submarine hydrothermal origin of the Middle-Upper Permian chert in Laibin of Guangxi, China

Geochemistry and Fuid-Inclusion Microthermometry of the Farsesh Barite Deposit, Iran

Hydrothermal activities and seawater acidification in the Late Devonian F-F transition: Evidence from geochemistry of rare earth elements

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