Hydrothermal venting of greenhouse gases triggering Early Jurassic global warming

Svensen, Henrik; Planke, Sverre; Chevallier, L.; Malthe‐Sørenssen, Anders; Corfú, Fernando; Jamtveit, Bjørn

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2007.02.013

Cited by 426 publications

(316 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Further support for this idea comes from the presence of unusual igneous rocks produced by melting of sediments in contact with the North Atlantic intrusions (13). More recently, a similar model has been suggested for release of greenhouse gases from the eruption of the Siberian and Karoo basalts, where intrusions are accompanied by pipes of highly fractured rock that indicate explosive release of thermogenic gases from the intruded sediments (14,15).…”

Section: Causes Of Extinctionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Mass extinctions of life and catastrophic flood basalt volcanism

Rampino

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Section: Causes Of Extinctionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Mass extinctions of life and catastrophic flood basalt volcanism

Rampino

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…the Early Toarcian warming and the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, Cohen et al, 2007). One of the most popular hypothesis is the release of methane to the ocean-atmosphere system, either due to dissociation of methane hydrate accumulated in marine continental margin sediments (Hesselbo et al, 2000) or to thermogenic methane released during the massive intrusion of igneous rod{s into organic rich sediments (Svensen et al, 2007). The second hypothesis is very improbable in this case, as no large igneous provinces of Aalenian age have been reported to date.…”

Section: Possible Causes Of the Aalenian Climate Changesmentioning

confidence: 77%

Palaeoclimatic and biotic changes during the Aalenian (Middle Jurassic) at the southern Laurasian Seaway (Basque–Cantabrian Basin, northern Spain)

Gómez

Canales

Ureta

et al. 2009

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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The uppermost Toarcian-lowermost 8ajocian deposits have been studied in 10 sections located in the western part of the Basque-Cantabrian Basin (northern Spain). The studied 276 successive recorded ammonite assemblages allowed detailed biostratigraphical subdivision and the correlation of the sections at the ammonite zone and subzone scale. The foraminifers were studied in 96 samples and 55 diagenetically screened belemnite rostra were analyzed for C and 0 isotope.Facies and thickness distribution of the Aalenian sediments suggest that deposition took place in a nearly symmetrical sub-basin included into an intra plate shallow platform, developed over continental crust, on which flexure was the main control responsible for subsidence and basin evolution.Noteworthy negative 613Cb�1 excursions, coinciding with seawater temperature changes, were recorded during the Bradfordensis Biochron, around the Concavum-Limitatum biochron boundary, and around the Aalenian-Bajocian boundary. A close relationship between the changes in seawater temperature and the biotic changes observed in the foraminiferal and in the ammonoids assemblages has been evidenced. During the Comptum Biochron, the 6180�1-based palaeotemperature shows a remarkable cooling interval with an average seawater temperature of 15.7 QC. This cooling favoured the immigration of species of foraminifers that thrived in platforms with colder seawater temperatures located north of the Basque-Cantabrian Basin.As a consequence, a strong increase in the diversity of the foraminiferal assemblages (28.5% of first appearances) occurred. This interval also coincides with the highest ammonoid abundance recorded during the Aalenian. A notable increase in temperature with peak values up to 24.3 QC, was measured during the Bradfordensis Biochron. This warming marks the beginning of progressive loss of foraminifer diversity and the decrease in the abundance of ammonoids. However, the increase in the relative abundances of some foraminiferal taxa such as the genus Spirillina during the warming phase is remarkable. Some of the foraminiferal species that had their last occurrence during this interval seem to be immigrants from NW Europe that arrived during the Comptum cooling interval, and that did not survive to rise of the seawater temperature.Another drop in temperature was recorded during the late Gigantea and the early Concavum biochrons.Coinciding with this cooling interval nearly 20% of the foraminiferal species disappeared while the ammonoid abundance increased. A new and significant warming episode occurred during the latest Aalenian (Limitatum Biochron), extending to the earliest Bajocian (Discites Biochron). Biotic response to this new bT of 2.5 QC is remarkable, marking one of the most important crises of the Aalenian. More than 30% of the foraminiferal species disappeared and no new appearances were recorded. Ammonoids show a decrease in the specimen abundance during the Limitatum-Discites warming, preceding a drastic decrease in the species abundance.The rem...

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“…If, for example, the energy released from a cooling sill or dyke is impeded by the low thermal conductivity of the chilled margins of the intrusion, then the volume of host rock that undergoes pyrolysis may be restricted. Convection of heat by groundwater is likely to have been an important process, as noted by the discovery of putative hydrothermal vents in the Karoo Basin, associated with injection of Jurassic sills [80] .…”

Section: Carbon Dioxidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…CO 2 content of the atmosphere would be expected to rise more rapidly as ocean temperatures and acidity increased, and carbon sequestration mechanism were impaired. Carbon with a light isotopic signature (from methane hydrate or sediment-bound organic material) may have been released by direct injection of magma into carbon-bearing strata [78][79][80] , or by warming of deep ocean waters. However, the late occurrence of the main negative carbon-isotope excursions suggests that methane hydrate release (Figure 4) was likely not the direct cause of the mass extinction event.…”

Section: Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sedimentary rocks are heated or pyrolised, releasing the methane through diatremelike hydrothermally venting chimneys. This group now includes models that propose injection of basalt into coal-and other hydrocarbon-bearing sedimentary basins [79,80,103] . The second group invokes a less direct mechanism: global atmospheric warming, leading to warming of ocean bottom waters and permafrost, and eventual thermal destabilisation of the hydrates [43,[98][99][100] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Siberian Traps and the End-Permian mass extinction: a critical review

2009

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The association between the Siberian Traps, the largest continental flood basalt province, and the largest-known mass extinction event at the end of the Permian period, has been strengthened by recently-published high-precision 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dates from widespread localities across the Siberian province [1] . We argue that the impact of the volcanism was amplified by the prevailing late Permian environmental conditions-in particular, the hothouse climate, with sluggish oceanic circulation, that was leading to widespread oceanic anoxia. Volcanism released large masses of sulphate aerosols and carbon dioxide, the former triggering short-duration volcanic winters, the latter leading to long-term warming. Whilst the mass of CO 2 released from individual eruptions was small compared with the total mass of carbon in the atmosphere-ocean system, the long 'mean lifetime' of atmospheric CO 2 , compared with the eruption flux and duration, meant that significant accumulation could occur over periods of 10 5 years. Compromise of the carbon sequestration systems (by curtailment of photosynthesis, destruction of biomass, and warming and acidification of the oceans) probably led to rapid atmospheric CO 2 build-up, warming, and shallow-water anoxia, leading ultimately to mass extinction.continental flood basalts, oceanic anoxia, radiometric dating, CO 2 , SO 2

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Hydrothermal venting of greenhouse gases triggering Early Jurassic global warming

Cited by 426 publications

References 35 publications

Mass extinctions of life and catastrophic flood basalt volcanism

Mass extinctions of life and catastrophic flood basalt volcanism

Palaeoclimatic and biotic changes during the Aalenian (Middle Jurassic) at the southern Laurasian Seaway (Basque–Cantabrian Basin, northern Spain)

The Siberian Traps and the End-Permian mass extinction: a critical review

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