Hydroxyapatite Formation on Sol–Gel Derived Poly(ε-Caprolactone)/Bioactive Glass Hybrid Biomaterials

Abstract

Investigation of novel biomaterials for bone regeneration is based on the development of scaffolds that exhibit bone-bonding ability, biocompatibility, and sufficient mechanical strength. In this study, using novel poly (ε-caprolactone)/bioactive glass (PCL/BG) hybrids with different organic/inorganic ratios, the effects of BG contents on the in vitro bone-like hydroxyapatite (HA) formation, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility were investigated. Rapid precipitation of HA on the PCL/BG hybrid surfaces were observed after incubating in simulated body fluid (SBF) for only 6 h, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICPS). The ICPS elemental analysis results were further analyzed in terms of the Ca(2+) and PO4(3-) which were consumed to form the apatite layer. The results revealed that the rate and total amount of HA deposition decreased with an increase in PCL content. The compressive modulus and strength of the PCL/BG hybrids increased with the decrease in PCL content. The highest values were achieved at the lowest PCL content (10 wt %) and were around, 90 MPa and 1.4 GPa, respectively. To evaluate the cytotoxicity of PCL/BG bioactive hybrids, MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells were cultured for up to 72 h. Our data indicated that whereas initial cell attachment was marginally lower than the control tissue culture poly styrene (TCPS) surface, the hybrid materials promoted cell growth in a time-dependent manner. Cell viability within the different PCL/BG hybrid samples appeared to be influenced by compositional differences whereby higher PCL contents correlated with slight reduction in cell viability. Taken together, this study adds important new information to our knowledge on hydroxyapatite formation, mechanical properties, and cytotoxic effects of PCL/BG hybrids prepared by the sol-gel process using a tertiary glass composition and may have considerable potential for bone tissue regeneration applications.

Preparation of 0.7SiO2·0.3CaO/PCL hybrid layers via sol–gel dip coating for the surface modification of titanium implants: characterization, bioactivity and biocompatibility evaluation

“…All coated samples are more biocompatible than uncoated Ti-4 disks, and the best values of vitality were obtained with Si-Ca and Si-Ca/PCL6 samples. That result is in agreement with other works reported in the literature [17,48], which describe a slight biocompatibility decrease in hybrids containing high percentages of PCL. However, probably even the different coating morphology (observed by SEM) can contribute.…”

Role of Bioactive 3D Hybrid Fibrous Scaffolds on Mechanical Behavior and Spatiotemporal Osteoblast Gene Expression

“…In a previous study, 29 we Figure 1. Representative SEM micrographs, fiber diameter, and poresize distribution plots for PCL/BG hybrid and PCL fibrous scaffolds.…”

“…Statistical analysis of the data were conducted using two-way ANOVA and Tukey−Kramer multiple comparative test, p < 0.05. dispersed spherically-shaped particles after 24 h of incubation in SBF ( Figure 4B), which became denser at longer incubation times. 29 Conversely, no apatite deposition was observed on the PCL control scaffolds.…”

Interfacial characteristics of Biodentine and MTA with dentine in simulated body fluid

“…11 Formation of apatite crystals at the interface of MTA and dentine has been correlated to its sealing ability and biocompatibility. 9,21 However, detailed evaluation of data presented in these studies shows that the Ca/P ratios at the MTA-dentine interface are much higher than the Ca/P ratio in ideal stoichiometric crystalline hydroxyapatite Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 (1.67) 22 and those in human body (1.5-1.7). 23 This means that the precipitates in the MTA-dentine interface might not be hydroxyapatite as previously believed.…”