Hydroxyapatite (HAp) From Tenggiri Fish Bones As Abrasive Material In Toothpaste Formula

Abstract

Cavities are one of the factors of dental and oral health problems that can be prevented by brushing teeth using toothpaste. Toothpaste can be made from a variety of chemicals, one of which is hydroxyapatite (HAp) which has good biocompatible properties. Hydroxyapatite can be obtained by utilizing tenggiri fish bone waste which has the main element of calcium. Fish bones soaked with NaOH and acetone are then calcined at 800 °C for 3 hours to obtain CaO powder and characterized its elemental content using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). CaO obtained was then reacted with (NH4)2HPO4 with a mole ratio of Ca/P 1.67 then heated at 90 °C, added NaOH up to pH 12, then the obtained deposits are filtered and calcined at 900 °C. The solids obtained from the calcination are then characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Hydroxyapatite (HAp) was formulated into toothpaste with the concentrations of 0% (F0), 45% (F1), 50% (F2), and 55% (F3). Toothpaste was evaluated using organoleptic tests, homogeneity tests, foam height tests, spreadability tests, pH and hedonic tests. XRD analysis shows that the resulting hydroxyapatite (HAp) has a crystal structure in accordance with ICSD standard No. 96-900-3549. SEM analysis showed that granular particles measuring 0.1 μm–0.3 μm in size. All formulated toothpastes (F0, F1, F2, and F3) meet the requirements of a good toothpaste. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) can be formulated into a good toothpaste with a concentration of 45%.

Jelly Candy Hydroxyapatite from Mackerel Fish Bone

“…Then the powder is crushed then sieved with 80 mesh. Powder of mackerel fish bone (CaO) was formed and then analyzed using XRF (Anggresani et al, 2021).…”

“…The dry precipitated was calcinated at 900°C for 5 hours. Then analyzed with XRD and SEM (Anggresani et al, 2021).…”

“…The development of science and technology in the field of pharmacy encourages pharmacists to make the right formulations to process hydroxyapatite into a form of preparation that is easily accepted by the community (Andasari, Zukhri and Nurjanah, no date). Pharmaceutical preparations made from hydroxyapatite active that has been made into a pharmaceutical product are the form of toothpaste (Anggresani et al, 2021;Hernawan et al, 2021;Wadu et al, 2015), biomaterials (Hanura et al, 2017), and injectable bone substitutes (Budiatin et al, 2016). There are also jelly preparations made from active calcium (Lesmana et al, 2008) and there are preparations of calcium jelly candy in the market.…”

Nano-calcium Powder Properties from Six Commercial Fish Bone Waste in Indonesia

“…Several previous studies have been conducted regarding calcium or hydroxyapatite extraction from fish bones of various species: tilapia (Abdullah et al, 2020), gourami (Handayani et al, 2019), yellowfin tuna (Nemati et al, 2017), skipjack tuna (Wardani et al, 2020), and Spanish mackerel (Anggresani et al, 2021). All of these studies, results cannot be categorized as nano-calcium because the particle size was bigger than 1 mm.…”