Hydroxylated Atrazine Degradation Products in a Small Missouri Stream

Lerch, Robert N.; Donald, William W.; Li, Yongxi; Alberts, E. E.

doi:10.1021/es00011a010

Cited by 76 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(137 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In the eastern portion of the study area (sites [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], all the watersheds have a high percentage of their soils within HSGC and D, but significant differences were observed in areal herbicide loss rates. For example, sites 8, 11, and 13 had the highest areal loss rates, yet other watersheds with a similar or even higher proportion of runoff prone soils, such as sites 17-20, had considerably lower loss rates.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Midwestern United States, maximum herbicide concentrations and frequency of detections follow herbicide application to fields in the spring (1,5,7,8,12). The inopportune coincidence of herbicide application with intense spring rainfall events creates a critical herbicide loss period during the second and third quarters of each year (9,13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Watershed Vulnerability To Herbicide Transport in Northern Missouri and Southern Iowa Streams

Lerch

Blanchard

2003

Environ. Sci. Technol.

121

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Herbicide contamination of streams has been well documented, but little is currently known about the specific factors affecting watershed vulnerability to herbicide transport. The primary objectives of this study were (1) to document herbicide occurrence and transport from watersheds in the northern Missouri/ southern Iowa region; (2) to quantify watershed vulnerability to herbicide transport and relate vulnerability to soil properties; and (3) to compute the contribution of this region to the herbicide load of the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers. Grab samples were collected under baseflow and runoff conditions at 21 hydrologic monitoring stations between April 15 and July 15 from 1996 to 1999. Samples were analyzed for commonly used soil-applied herbicides (atrazine, cyanazine, acetochlor, alachlor, metolachlor, and metribuzin) and four triazine metabolites (deisopropylatrazine, deethylatrazine, hydroxyatrazine, and cyanazine amide). Estimates of herbicide load and relative losses were computed for each watershed. Median parent herbicide losses, as a percentage of applied, ranged from 0.33 to 3.9%; loss rates that were considerably higher than other areas of the United States. Watershed vulnerability to herbicide transport, measured as herbicide load per treated area, showed that the runoff potential of soils was a critical factor affecting herbicide transport. Herbicide transport from these watersheds contributed a disproportionately high amount of the herbicide load to both the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers. Based on these results, this region of the Corn Belt is highly vulnerable to transport of herbicides from fields to streams, and it should be targeted for implementation of management practices designed to reduce herbicide losses in surface runoff.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Watershed Vulnerability To Herbicide Transport in Northern Missouri and Southern Iowa Streams

Lerch

Blanchard

2003

Environ. Sci. Technol.

121

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The seasonal distribution of atrazine loads was very similar at both sites, but it showed a very different pattern than discharge and nutrients. In the second quarter, atrazine loads accounted for 95% of the annual load at Devils Icebox and 94% of the annual load at Hunters Cave, demonstrating the extreme seasonality typical of herbicide transport (Thurman et al, 1991;Lerch et al, 1995). The seasonal atrazine transport pattern was also representative of the other herbicides monitored.…”

Section: Contaminant Loadsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Contaminant Transport in Two Central Missouri Karst Recharge Areas

Lerch¹

2011

JCKS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Karst watersheds with significant losing streams represent a particularly vulnerable setting for groundwater contamination because of the direct connection to surface water. Because of the existing agricultural land-use and future likelihood of urbanization, two losing-stream karst basins were chosen for intensive monitoring in Boone County, Missouri: Hunters Cave and Devils Icebox. Both caves were formed in Burlington Limestone and have similar recharge areas (33 to 34 km 2 ) and land uses. Year-round monitoring was conducted from April 1999 through March 2002 to characterize the water quality of the main cave streams relative to herbicide, nutrient, and sediment contamination. Water sampling entailed grab samples at regular intervals and runoff-event samples collected using automated sampling equipment. 21 at Hunters Cave. Herbicides or their metabolites were detected in more than 80% of the samples from both cave streams, and herbicide concentrations and areal loss rates were generally similar between the sites. Overall, the greater loads and mass flux of contaminants in the Devils Icebox recharge area compared to Hunters Cave was a result of both greater stream discharge and the occurrence of more cropped fields (94%) on claypan soils with high runoff potential. These claypan soils are known to be especially problematic with respect to surface transport of contaminants. Prevailing land use has significantly degraded the water quality in both recharge areas, but a watershed plan has been developed for the Bonne Femme watershed, which encompasses these two recharge areas. With the baseline data collected in this study, the impact of changing land uses and the implementation of management practices or new ordinances designed to improve water quality can be documented.

show abstract

“…(2000), Lerch and Blanchard (2003), Lerch et al (2005Lerch et al ( , 2011b, Lerch (2011), Lerch et al (2011b) Lerch et al (1995Lerch et al ( , 1998Lerch et al ( , 2005Lerch et al ( , 2011aLerch et al ( , 2011b, Blanchard and Donald (1997), Donald et al (1998), Blanchard and Lerch (2000), Lerch and Blanchard (2003), Lerch (2011) Lerch et al (1995Lerch et al ( , 1998, Blanchard and Donald (1997), Donald et al (1998), Lerch and Blanchard (2003), Lerch (2011). Lerch et al (1995Lerch et al ( , 1998, Blanchard and Donald (1997), Donald et al (1998), Lerch and Blanchard (2003), Lerch (2011) Lerch et al (1995Lerch et al ( , 1998 Northern Missouri streams 147 1994-1995 589…”

Section: Solid-phase Extraction and Chromatographic Analysis Of Herbimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Deisopropylhydroxyatrazine 2-hydroxy-4-ethylamino-6-amino-s-triazine GCEW subwatersheds ‡ 1 1992-1994 111 Lerch et al (1995Lerch et al ( , 1998 Northern Missouri streams 136 1994-1995 273…”

Section: Solid-phase Extraction and Chromatographic Analysis Of Herbimentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Agroecosystem Research in the Central Mississippi River Basin: Goodwater Creek Experimental Watershed and Regional Herbicide Water Quality Data

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Goodwater Creek Experimental Watershed (GCEW) has been the focus area of a long-term effort to document the extent of and to understand the factors controlling herbicide transport. We document the datasets generated in the 20-yr-long research effort to study the transport of herbicides to surface and groundwater in the GCEW. This long-term effort was augmented with a spatially broad effort within the Central Mississippi River Basin encompassing 12 related claypan watersheds in the Salt River Basin, two cave streams on the fringe of the Central Claypan Areas in the Bonne Femme watershed, and 95 streams in northern Missouri and southern Iowa. Details of the analytical methods, periods of record, number of samples, study locations, and means of accessing these data are provided. In addition, a brief overview of significant findings is presented. A key finding was that near-surface restrictive soil layers, such as argillic horizons of smectitic mineralogy, result in greater herbicide transport than soils with high percolation and low clay content. Because of this, streams in the claypan soil watersheds of northeastern Missouri have exceptionally high herbicide concentrations and relative loads compared with other areas of the Corn Belt.

show abstract

Hydroxylated Atrazine Degradation Products in a Small Missouri Stream

Cited by 76 publications

References 40 publications

Watershed Vulnerability To Herbicide Transport in Northern Missouri and Southern Iowa Streams

Watershed Vulnerability To Herbicide Transport in Northern Missouri and Southern Iowa Streams

Contaminant Transport in Two Central Missouri Karst Recharge Areas

Long-Term Agroecosystem Research in the Central Mississippi River Basin: Goodwater Creek Experimental Watershed and Regional Herbicide Water Quality Data

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About