Long-Term Agroecosystem Research in the Central Mississippi River Basin: Goodwater Creek Experimental Watershed and Regional Herbicide Water Quality Data

Lerch, Robert N.; Baffaut, Claire; Sadler, E. J.; Kremer, Robert J.

doi:10.2134/jeq2013.12.0516

Cited by 19 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Sadler et al (2015a) provided the general context for GCEW and its research infrastructure. Additional studies have described the flow data collected since 1971 (Baffaut et al, 2015), sediment data (Baffaut et al, 2013), water quality data collected since 1992 (Lerch et al, 2015b, 2015c), and associated weather data (Sadler et al, 2015b). Previous efforts have attempted to simulate runoff and pollutant transport in the context of restrictive layers.…”

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confidence: 99%

Long-Term Agroecosystem Research in the Central Mississippi River Basin: SWAT Simulation of Flow and Water Quality in the Goodwater Creek Experimental Watershed

et al. 2015

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Starting in 1971, stream flow and climatologic data have been collected in the Goodwater Creek Experimental Watershed, which is part of the Central Mississippi River Basin (CMRB) Long-Term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) site. Since 1992, water quality and socio-economic data have complemented these data sets. Previous modeling efforts highlighted the challenges created by the presence of a claypan. Specific changes were introduced in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) (i) to better simulate percolation through and saturation above the claypan and (ii) to simulate the spatial and temporal distributions of the timing of field operations throughout the watershed. Our objectives were to document the changes introduced into the code, demonstrate that these changes improved simulation results, describe the model's parameterization, calibration, and validation, and assess atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N¢-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] management practices in the hydrologic context of claypan soils. Model calibration was achieved for 1993 to 2010 at a daily time step for flow and at a monthly time step for water quality constituents. The new percolation routines ensured correct balance between surface runoff and groundwater. The temporal heterogeneity of atrazine application ensured the correct frequency of daily atrazine loads. Atrazine incorporation by field cultivation resulted in a 17% simulated reduction in atrazine load without a significant increase in sediment yields. Reduced atrazine rates produced proportional reductions in simulated atrazine transport. The model can be used to estimate the impact of other drivers, e.g., changing aspects of climate, land use, cropping systems, tillage, or management practices, in this context.

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confidence: 99%

Long-Term Agroecosystem Research in the Central Mississippi River Basin: SWAT Simulation of Flow and Water Quality in the Goodwater Creek Experimental Watershed

et al. 2015

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“…If runoff from a no‐till system is similar to that of a tilled system, losses of dissolved fertilizers and herbicides will probably be greater in the no‐till system because of the larger fraction of these chemicals present on the soil surface. Analysis of herbicide transport from the plots (Ghidey et al, 2005; Lerch et al, 2015a) demonstrated this effect of no‐till management on these soils.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Ghidey et al (2005, 2010) used plot‐ and field‐scale data to evaluate cropping system effects on flow and herbicide transport. Stream flow data have been used to develop pollutant exports for various catchment sizes (Baffaut et al, 2013; Lerch et al, 2015a, 2015b), which then have been used to assess temporal trends in water quality (Lerch et al, 2011b; O'Donnell, 2012; Sadler et al, 2012) and the effects of land use (Lerch et al, 2011a) on herbicide and nutrient transport. Modeling efforts included parameterization of the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) (Ghidey et al, 1999), the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) (Baffaut et al, 2015), and the Agricultural Policy/Environmental Extender (APEX) (Mudgal et al, 2012).…”

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Long-Term Agroecosystem Research in the Central Mississippi River Basin: Goodwater Creek Experimental Watershed Flow Data

2015

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Flow monitoring in Goodwater Creek Experimental Watershed started in 1971 at three nested watersheds ranging from 12 to 73 km 2 . Since then, runoff or stream flow has been measured at 14 plots, three fields, and 12 additional stream sites ranging from 0.0034 to 6067 km 2 in the Central Mississippi River Basin. Longterm data sets are important to document the changes resulting from anthropogenic and natural drivers. The data set presented here documents discharge across a range of catchment sizes in an area known for its high runoff potential. It constitutes the flow database of the Central Mississippi River Basin site of the Long-Term Agricultural Research network. Like the other sites of this network, data are accessible through the STEWARDS web interface (www.nrrig.mwa.ars.usda.gov/stewards/stewards. html). Here we (i) describe the data collection methods, (ii) document the data available at plot, field, and watershed scales, and (iii) provide the main characteristics of discharge. General characteristics of discharge per unit area for different cropping system management systems show that in this claypan soil setting, management and tillage of row crop systems do not affect surface flow during the growing season (April-October). Data from fields and stream sites show the dampening of peak flow values and lengthening of storm hydrographs caused by mixed land uses and longer times of concentration. Overall, stream flow accounts for a third of the precipitation, of which 80% is from surface runoff and 20% is from groundwater. Long-Term Agroecosystem Research in the Central Mississippi River Basin: Goodwater Creek Experimental Watershed Flow DataClaire Baffaut,* E. John Sadler, and Fessehaie Ghidey S tream flow is affected by short-and long-term, natural (droughts or floods) and anthropogenic (land use and land cover changes, water withdrawals) factors. Increasing strain is being put on water resources, including more frequent droughts and floods, decreasing water quality, and increasing withdrawals for human consumption and agriculture. Correspondingly, there is a need for continued hydrologic studies in many regions of the world to improve our understanding of the hydrologic cycle and the impact of the different stressors (Gordon et al., 2008).

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“…Study sites included up to 153 streams in the northern Missouri–southern Iowa region (see Fig. 2 in Lerch et al, 2015b), 12 sites in the SRB (Fig. 1), stream, field, and plot sites in the GCEW (Fig.…”

Section: Data Documentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As described for the herbicide data (Lerch et al, 2015b), all nutrient data from 1991 to 2010 collected from sites within the GCEW and from the 12 stream sites within the SRB are currently available through STEWARDS, and a navigation aid for STEWARDS is provided in the supplemental material. The two additional data sets from the northern Missouri–southern Iowa streams and the cave streams were described by Lerch et al (2015b) and are available online as Excel files and designated here as the northern Missouri stream data file (Lerch et al, 2014b) and cave stream data file (Lerch et al, 2014a). The northern Missouri Stream data file contains the northern Missouri–southern Iowa region nutrient and herbicide concentration data for up to 153 sites from 1994 to 1999.…”

Section: Data Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Agroecosystem Research in the Central Mississippi River Basin: Goodwater Creek Experimental Watershed and Regional Nutrient Water Quality Data

et al. 2015

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We document the 20-yr-long research effort to study the transport of N and P to surface and groundwater in Goodwater Creek Experimental Watershed. We also document related efforts in nearby claypan watersheds and watersheds with contrasting soil and hydrologic conditions across the northern Missouri-southern Iowa region. Details of the analytical methods, instrumentation, method detection limits, and quality assurance program used to generate the data are described along with a brief overview of significant findings. Nutrient concentrations in streams were in the range associated with nuisance algal growth and presumed loss of aquatic invertebrate diversity. Incorporation of fertilizers was shown to be the most effective practice for reducing nutrient transport in runoff. Despite the claypan soils, NO 3 − leaching was a major fate for fertilizer N, and significant contamination of the glacial till aquifer has occurred when long-term fertilizer and manure N inputs exceeded crop N requirements. A key finding of these studies was that field areas with the poorest crop growth were also the most vulnerable to nutrient as well as sediment and herbicide transport.

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Long-Term Agroecosystem Research in the Central Mississippi River Basin: Goodwater Creek Experimental Watershed and Regional Herbicide Water Quality Data

Cited by 19 publications

References 21 publications

Long-Term Agroecosystem Research in the Central Mississippi River Basin: SWAT Simulation of Flow and Water Quality in the Goodwater Creek Experimental Watershed

Long-Term Agroecosystem Research in the Central Mississippi River Basin: SWAT Simulation of Flow and Water Quality in the Goodwater Creek Experimental Watershed

Long-Term Agroecosystem Research in the Central Mississippi River Basin: Goodwater Creek Experimental Watershed Flow Data

Long-Term Agroecosystem Research in the Central Mississippi River Basin: Goodwater Creek Experimental Watershed and Regional Nutrient Water Quality Data

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