Hydroxytyrosol and the Colonic Metabolites Derived from Virgin Olive Oil Intake Induce Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Colon Cancer Cells

Abstract

After the sustained consumption of virgin olive oil (VOO), the unabsorbed native phenols (mainly hydroxytyrosol (HT)) are transformed into its catabolites in the intestine by microbials. The role of these catabolites in preventing colon cancer has not been sufficiently investigated. This work aims to study the antiproliferative and apoptotic activities in colon (Caco-2; HT-29) cancer cell lines of the main catabolites detected in human feces (phenylacetic, phenylpropionic, hydroxyphenylpropionic, and dihydroxyphenylpropionic acids and catechol), after the sustained VOO intake. Additionally, an assessment of the ability of these colonic cells to metabolize the studied compounds was performed. The results showed that HT and phenylacetic and hydroxyphenylpropionic acids produce cell cycle arrest and promote apoptosis. HT-29 cells were more sensitive to phenol treatments than Caco-2. In synthesis, the results of the present study represent a good starting point for understanding the potential apoptotic and antiproliferative effects of VOO phenolic compounds and their colonic metabolites.

In vitro Apoptotic effects of the medicinal plants Achillea santolina and Raphanus sativus extracts on different cancer cell lines

“…(Bortolotto et al, 2016), and also high apoptotic effect on breast cancer (Mahassni and Al-Reemi, 2013). However, our prove results effects similar in previous studies on Caco2 cell line of poly phenols on cell cycle G1 arrest and induce apoptotic effect on colon cancer cells López de las Hazas et al, 2017).…”

Potential Protective Role Exerted by Secoiridoids from Olea europaea L. in Cancer, Cardiovascular, Neurodegenerative, Aging-Related, and Immunoinflammatory Diseases

“…The catabolism of OL could produce phenylacetic and phenylpropionic catabolites which then could be absorbed and subsequently transforme into phase II metabolites. Thus, compounds such as ligstroside or OL could be absorbed as such or reabsorbed in the form of their respective glucuronide conjugates [58,68].…”

Anticancer effects of olive oil polyphenols and their combinations with anticancer drugs

“…HTyr was widely investigated as a possible protective or therapeutic agent in CRC studies and in many others. Although present in relatively low concentrations in OO, HTyr reaches significant levels in large intestine due to the gastric digestion of OO secoiridoids (67). The ability of higher doses of HTyr (usually > 100 μM) to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), primarily H 2 O 2 , was shown to be at least in part responsible for its antiproliferative and proapoptotic effect (68)(69)(70) (Fig.…”