Hydroxytyrosol from olive fruits prevents blue‐light‐induced damage in human keratinocytes and fibroblasts

Abstract

Skin aging is a complex biological process influenced by a combination of endogenous or intrinsic and exogenous or extrinsic factors due to environmental damage. The primary environmental factor that causes human skin aging is the ultraviolet irradiation from the sun. Recently, it was established that the long‐term exposure to light‐emitting‐diode‐generated blue light (LED‐BL) from electronic devices seems to have a relevant implication in the molecular mechanisms of premature photoaging. BL irradiation induces changes in the synthesis of various skin structures through DNA damage and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), matrix metalloproteinase‐1 and ‐12, which are responsible for the loss of the main components of the extracellular matrix of skin like collagen type I and elastin. In the current study, using human keratinocytes and fibroblasts exposed to specific LED‐BL radiation doses (45 and 15 J/cm 2), we produced an in vitro model of skin photoaging. We verified that, compared with untreated controls, the treatment with LED‐BL irradiation results in the alteration of metalloprotease‐1 (collagenase), metalloprotease‐12 (elastase), 8‐dihydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and collagen type I. Moreover, we showed that the photoaging prevention is possible via the use of hydroxytyrosol extracted from olive fruits, well known for antioxidant properties. Our results demonstrated that hydroxytyrosol protects keratinocytes and fibroblasts from LED‐BL‐induced damage. Thus, hydroxytyrosol might be proposed as an encouraging candidate for the prevention of BL‐induced premature photoaging.

RETRACTED: Blue Light Induces Down-Regulation of Aquaporin 1, 3, and 9 in Human Keratinocytes

“…Recently, Rascalou et al [ 31 ] demonstrated that the cell cultures exposure to 99 J/cm 2 of blue light is equivalent to cells exposed to the screen of an electronic device for 1952 h in real life. Thus, in our in vitro system, we tried to obtain a model of LED-BL exposition treating NCTC 2544 with 5, 10, 15, 25, 45 50, and 85 J/cm 2 [ 43 ]. The MTT results showed a dose-dependent reduction of viability and confirmed the dose of 45 J/cm 2 inducing cell mortality near to 50% (IC 50 value= 47.8 ± 2 %).…”

Olive‐Oil‐Derived Polyphenols Effectively Attenuate Inflammatory Responses of Human Keratinocytes by Interfering with the NF‐κB Pathway

“…By demonstrating that EVOO phenols exert anti‐inflammatory effects on human keratinocytes, our study not only extends these previous findings to also encompass HTy‐Ac, but it shows that human keratinocytes are direct targets of EVOO phenols, which appears translationally interesting in the context of inflammatory skin disorders, as also encouraged by the mentioned studies investigating the potential use of olive oil‐derived compounds in the field of dermatology …”

“…HTy is the best studied EVOO‐derived polyphenol and a good candidate for the development of drugs due to its prophylactic and preventive effects in cells and animal models of cancer, lupus, and ischemia‐reperfusion among others . Even though this is the first study to explore the impact of EVOO polyphenols on inflammation‐associated pathways in primary keratinocytes of human origin, HTy was previously described to exhibit chemoprotective and antiaging effects against ultraviolet B (UVB) and blue‐light‐induced damage in human skin cells . In a mouse model of AD, HTy had beneficial effects, reducing erythema intensity and dermatitis and decreasing T‐helper cell cytokines in serum and skin, albeit only in the presence of hydrocortisone .…”

Molecular Action of Hydroxytyrosol in Wound Healing: An In Vitro Evidence-Based Review

“…Three studies reported the antiangiogenic effect of HT [ 32 , 33 , 34 ], while another three studies reported its proangiogenic effect [ 35 , 36 , 37 ]. Three studies examined the antioxidant effect of HT [ 38 , 39 , 40 ]. One study reported the antiaging effect of HT [ 41 ].…”

“…Three studies focused on investigating the antimicrobial effect of HT [ 42 , 43 , 44 ]. Moreover, eight studies also included the anti-inflammatory effect of HT as a supplementary outcome of their studies [ 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ].…”