Hygiene knowledge, attitudes and practices among dairy value chain actors in Assam, north-east India and the impact of a training intervention

Lindahl, Johanna F.; Deka, Ram Pratim; Asse, R.; Lapar, L.

doi:10.1080/20008686.2018.1555444

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…There has been a reduction in the availability of open spaces for grazing. This may be because available space is increasingly being utilized for the cultivation of commercial crops, which restricts cattle grazing [ 32 ]. While this reduces the risk of animal-to-animal transmission of infectious diseases, it severely compromises welfare by restricting animal movement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Dairy Value Chains to Identify Production Constraints and Biosecurity Risks

Singh

Tiwari

Josan

et al. 2020

Animals

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The dairy industry plays an important role in the economy and food security of India. A study of the dairy value chains was conducted in Punjab, India, to identify production constraints and biosecurity risks. Focus group discussions and key informant interviews were conducted during 2018–2019 with a total of 119 participants comprising veterinarians (41), paraveterinarians (15), veterinary academics (12), dairy farmers (46) and key informants (5). Input and output value chains were created, and potential risk nodes were identified that could facilitate the transmission of pathogens between animals, farms and villages. The majority of the participants were male (93%), middle-aged (68%) or worked in rural areas (75%). Most of the farmers self-cultivated their green fodder (82%), used the wheat straw from their own fields (60%) but purchased commercial feed (63%). Artificial insemination was used by 85% of farmers for cattle, but only 68% for buffaloes. Most of the farmers (76%) reported getting their animals vaccinated against foot-and-mouth disease and hemorrhagic septicemia. Animals were sold and purchased without any health certification and testing in most cases. Adoption of biosecurity measures by farmers and the use of personal protective equipment by veterinary personnel were very low. We recommend conducting epidemiological studies to further characterize the identified risk nodes, training of veterinary practitioners and farmers to ensure adequate biosecurity practices and the appropriate use of personal protective equipment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Dairy Value Chains to Identify Production Constraints and Biosecurity Risks

Singh

Tiwari

Josan

et al. 2020

Animals

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“…Such malpractices do not seem as widespread on larger sized dairy farms which have been identified as using antibiotics in a more responsible way than smaller-scale dairy farms [ 1 ]. Overall, however, regardless of the size of the dairy farm, dairy farmers’ knowledge regarding antibiotics and reasons for antibiotic usage is poorly understood [ 2 , 13 ], and questions related to antibiotic practices, like quantity used, motive, administration method, frequency given, who administers, as well as adherence to withdrawal periods, remain poorly defined in the literature [ 11 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Antibiotic Usage on Small-Scale Dairy Farms in the Indian States of Assam and Haryana Using a Mixed-Methods Approach—Outcomes and Challenges

et al. 2021

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The use and misuse of antibiotics in both humans and animals contributes to the global emergence of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria, a threat to public health and infection control. Currently, India is the world’s leading milk producer but antibiotic usage within the dairy sector is poorly regulated. Little data exists reflecting how antibiotics are used on dairy farms, especially on small-scale dairy farms in India. To address this lack of data, a study was carried out on 491 small-scale dairy farms in two Indian states, Assam and Haryana, using a mixed method approach where farmers were interviewed, farms inspected for the presence of antibiotics and milk samples taken to determine antibiotic usage. Usage of antibiotics on farms appeared low only 10% (95% CI 8–13%) of farmers surveyed confirmed using antibiotics in their dairy herds during the last 12 months. Of the farms surveyed, only 8% (6–11%) had milk samples positive for antibiotic residues, namely from the novobiocin, macrolides, and sulphonamide classes of antibiotics. Of the farmers surveyed, only 2% (0.8–3%) had heard of the term “withdrawal period” and 53% (40–65%) failed to describe the term “antibiotic”. While this study clearly highlights a lack of understanding of antibiotics among small-scale dairy farmers, a potential factor in the emergence of AMR bacteria, it also shows that antibiotic usage on these farms is low and that the possible role these farmers play in AMR emergence may be overestimated.

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“…There were many differences among the cities. In Bhubaneswar and Guwahati, there were only reports of up to 10 milking cows among the visited households, which for Guwahati is lower than previously reported numbers (12). There were also no households with buffaloes in Guwahati, and very few in Bhubaneswar.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…In Guwahati the sale of milk was dependent on traders, through which 90% sold their milk. The importance of milk traders in Guwahati, along with low productivity in dairy farms and low knowledge among all dairy value chain actors, has been observed in earlier studies as well (12,14). The difference between Guwahati and the other cities has also been demonstrated when it comes to disease prevalence (15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

The Extent and Structure of Peri-urban Smallholder Dairy Farming in Five Cities in India

et al. 2020

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Livestock keeping is common in many cities in India, driven by the demand for animal-source foods, particularly perishable milk. We selected five cities from different regions of the country and conducted a census in 34 randomly selected peri-urban villages to identify and describe all smallholder dairy farms. In total 1,690 smallholder dairy farms were identified, keeping on average 2.2 milking cows and 0.7 milking buffaloes. In Bhubaneswar, the proportion of cows milking was only 50%, but in other cities it was 63-73%. In two of the five cities, more than 90% of the farmers stated that dairy production was their main source of income, while <50% in the other cities reported this. In one of the cities, only 36% of the households kept milk for themselves. Market channels varied considerably; in one city about 90% of farms sold milk to traders, in another, 90% sold to the dairy cooperative, and in another around 90% sold directly to consumers. In conclusion, peri-urban dairy systems in India are important but also varying between different cities, with only one city, Bengaluru, having a well-developed cooperative system, and the northeastern poorer region being more dependent on traders. Further studies may be needed to elucidate the importance and to design appropriate developmental interventions.

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Hygiene knowledge, attitudes and practices among dairy value chain actors in Assam, north-east India and the impact of a training intervention

Cited by 21 publications

References 16 publications

Using Dairy Value Chains to Identify Production Constraints and Biosecurity Risks

Using Dairy Value Chains to Identify Production Constraints and Biosecurity Risks

Understanding Antibiotic Usage on Small-Scale Dairy Farms in the Indian States of Assam and Haryana Using a Mixed-Methods Approach—Outcomes and Challenges

The Extent and Structure of Peri-urban Smallholder Dairy Farming in Five Cities in India

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