Hygienic assessment of new pesticides migration from soil into the lower atmospheric air layer

Abstract

Annotation. A great danger to the environment and the health of the population is the release of chemical substances of technogenic origin, in particular plant protection products into the atmospheric air. The aim of the study was to evaluate the hazard of harmful inhalation impact on the human body of new pesticides: triazolone herbicide amicarbazone, tricetone herbicide bicyclopyrone, and carboxamide fungicide pydiflumetofen, during their migration from soil to the lower atmospheric air layer. Mathematical modeling of the process of evaporation of the studied pesticides from soil to the atmospheric air was carried out and comparison of the maximum achievable concentrations with the average lethal concentration during acute inhalation exposure and hygienic standards in the air environment. Experimental study of the behavior of amicarbazone, bicyclopyrone, and pydiflumetofen in the "soil - atmospheric air" system was carried out in laboratory conditions. The concentrations of the studied substances in the air were determined by the method of high - performance liquid chromatography. It was established that amicarbazone, bicyclopyrone, and pydiflumetofen are non - volatile under saturated vapor pressure and Henry's law constant, and low - risk by the coefficient of possible inhalation poisoning. Acute inhalation poisoning as a result of evaporation from the soil into the lower atmospheric air layer is unlikely. The maximum achievable concentrations of the studied pesticides that can form in the air as a result of evaporation from the soil are significantly lower than their hygienic standards in the working zone. The migration levels of the studied substances from soil to the lower atmospheric air layer depend on their initial concentrations and the type of soil: bicyclopyrone and pydiflumetofen migrate more intensively from sandy soil than from leached chernozem. Threshold concentrations in the soil according to the air – migration indicator of harmfulness: amicarbazone – 0.05 mg/kg, bicyclopyrone – 1.0 mg/kg and pydiflumetofen – 1.2 mg/kg are formed in the plow layer of soil when researched pesticides are introduced according to 1th, 20th and 20th maximum consumption rates. The “soil - atmospheric air” system is not a leading link to the migration of the studied pesticides in the environment. The obtained results were used in the substantiation of hygienic standard of amicarbazone, bicyclopyrone and pydiflumetofen in soil.

Ecotoxicological Hazard of Pesticide Use in Traditional Agricultural Technologies

“…During the next growing season, under favorable conditions, persistent toxicants accumulated in the soil are translocated from the soil to crops in rotation and accumulate in agricultural products, are involved in the "food chain" and pose significant environmental risks (Monaci et al 2017). Such hypotheses are confirmed by the research of Martiyanova, Korshun et al (2021Korshun et al ( , 2022Korshun et al ( , 2023, who established a limiting indicator of pesticide harmfulness, which actually identifies the leading link in the migration of toxicants. It was found that in 60% of cases, toxicant migration occurs in the soil-plant system.…”

“…It was found that in 60% of cases, toxicant migration occurs in the soil-plant system. Meanwhile, 23% of the 93 xenobiotics they studied migrated in the soil-water system (Martiyanova and Korshun 2021; Korshun et al 2022Korshun et al , 2023. This is especially true for plants that are hyperaccumulators of toxic substances.…”