Hygienic Quality Assessment of Well and Spring Water: A Case Study of the Region of Al-Hoceima (Morocco Northern)

Mchiouer, Fatiha; Ouarghi, Hossain El; Elyousfi, Yassine; Abourrich, Mustapha

doi:10.30638/eemj.2022.034

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Also, irrigation water use and the significant result of high electrical conductivity (Figure 3) decrease plant osmotic activity, interfering with overall nutrient and water absorption from the soil. In addition, according to a Moroccan water quality report, groundwater quality in the Ghiss-Nekkor aquifer was categorized as poor to very poor based on the conductivity problem [64].…”

Section: Groundwater Quality For Drinkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment and Prediction of the Water Quality Index for the Groundwater of the Ghiss-Nekkor (Al Hoceima, Northeastern Morocco)

et al. 2022

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Water quality index (WQI) is the primary method applied to characterize water quality in the world. The current study employed the statistical analysis and multilayer perceptron (MLP) approaches for predicting groundwater quality in the Ghiss-Nekkor aquifer, northeast of Al Hoceima, Morocco. Fifty sampled groundwater were identified and analyzed for major anions and cations throughout May 2019. Several physicochemical parameters of all the samples were identified in this investigation, such as TDS, pH, EC, Na, K, Ca, Mg, HCO3, NO3, Br, SO4, and Cl. The entropy-weighted groundwater quality index (EWQI) was calculated from these parameters. The WQI procedure determined the suitability of groundwater for consumption. The WQI value varied from 90.98 to 337.28. The EC, TDS, WQI, and Cl- spatial distribution showed that EC and Cl- are associated with poor groundwater quality. A single sample (W16) represented unsuitable water for drinking purposes and offered a WQI value of 337.28, indicating poor drinking quality due to seawater intrusion, overexploitation, and harsh weather conditions. The majority of the values obtained for the parameters exceeded the recommended limit of the World Health Organization (WHO)’s guidelines for consumption. The findings show that using parameters is a straightforward method for predicting water quality indexes with sufficient and suitable precision. The MLP model shows good predictive performances in terms of the coefficient of determination R2, mean absolute error (MAE), and root-mean-square error (RMSE) with values of 0.9885, 5.8031, and 4.7211, respectively. The ANN approach was applied to develop a model that can accurately predict WQI utilizing mineralization, TH, NO3, and NO2 as inputs. The MAE for the model’s performance was calculated to be 4.72. A Bland–Altman test was used to validate that the model is suitable. Following the test, it was determined that the model is appropriate for predicting WQI, with an error of just 0.1%.

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Section: Groundwater Quality For Drinkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment and Prediction of the Water Quality Index for the Groundwater of the Ghiss-Nekkor (Al Hoceima, Northeastern Morocco)

et al. 2022

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“…Research using the DRASTIC vulnerability model and nitrate contamination in Morocco indicates an increased risk of groundwater pollution from seawater intrusion and human activities; the most vulnerable areas are located alongside agricultural areas as well as villages and cities. This causes a serious environmental problem for the groundwater reserves in the coastal areas of Morocco [ 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 ]. Consequently, in the Ghiss Nekkor alluvial aquifer, our results show that the levels of EC generally exceed the WHO recommended limits.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollution Vulnerability of the Ghiss Nekkor Alluvial Aquifer in Al-Hoceima (Morocco), Using GIS-Based DRASTIC Model

Yousfi

Himi

Aqnouy

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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Groundwater resources of the alluvial aquifer Ghiss Nekkor, which covers an area of 100 km2, are the main source of domestic and agricultural freshwater supply in the region of Al Hoceima in Morocco. Due to human activities (overexploitation, increase in agricultural activity), this alluvial aquifer has become very sensitive to chemical pollution. The principal objective of this current study is to develop and implement a calibration method to assess, map, and estimate the vulnerability of the Ghiss Nekkor alluvial aquifer to pollution risk. In this work, the GIS-based DRASTIC model was used to estimate the inherent vulnerability to contamination of the Ghiss Nekkor alluvial aquifer with seven standard hydrogeological parameters. Nitrate (NO3) and electrical conductivity (EC) data were used to validate the DRASTIC map. The results of the vulnerability map analysis show that the vulnerability to contaminants varies from non-existent in the southwestern part of the plain (7.3% of the total area), to very high (14.5%). The vulnerability is moderate in the central and northeastern areas (26.9%), while it is high in the other areas (17.5%). Furthermore, the most sensitive areas are mainly concentrated near the coastal strip and the central plain on both sides of the Nekkor River. In these areas, the NO3 and EC values are above the maximum allowable limit of the World Health Organization. The results suggest that the DRASTIC model can be an effective tool for decision-makers concerned about managing groundwater sustainability.

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“…Indeed, the bacteriological quality of the water in the sources studied reveals contamination of the water table. This could be due to human domestic and agricultural activities, the existence of all types of waste and uncontrolled public dumps [11,19].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey on Water Source Classification based on users’ opinions: Case of the Al-Hoceima region, Northern Morocco

2023

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The purpose of the water sources study according to the opinion of the users in the region of Al-Hoceima, is to present a classification of investigated sources according to physico-chemical and microbiological quality, and to compare the obtained results with the sanitary survey taken from users. The region’s groundwater is known for its low piezometry and, consequently, for its easy and uncontrolled exploitation. Indeed, the lack of drinking water supply in several rural areas or among some vulnerable categories of the population forces them to use water sources for all purposes, including drinking. Moreover, in urban areas and with the availability of treated drinking water, people resort to supplying water from a source as traditions and cultural customs of the users predominate. The public survey results in this study confirm, according to the majority of witnesses, that drinking from these sources is continual, as 50% of the consumers live in the area and they do not have any digestive or intestinal problems; these water sources are more frequented in summer and at weekends. Furthermore, the majority of respondents consider these waters to be healthy and not subject to chemical treatment, and they represent a natural heritage with a good reputation among the population of the region.

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Hygienic Quality Assessment of Well and Spring Water: A Case Study of the Region of Al-Hoceima (Morocco Northern)

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Assessment and Prediction of the Water Quality Index for the Groundwater of the Ghiss-Nekkor (Al Hoceima, Northeastern Morocco)

Assessment and Prediction of the Water Quality Index for the Groundwater of the Ghiss-Nekkor (Al Hoceima, Northeastern Morocco)

Pollution Vulnerability of the Ghiss Nekkor Alluvial Aquifer in Al-Hoceima (Morocco), Using GIS-Based DRASTIC Model

Survey on Water Source Classification based on users’ opinions: Case of the Al-Hoceima region, Northern Morocco

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