Hyperactivity and Delay Aversion—II. The Effect of Self versus Externally Imposed Stimulus Presentation Periods on Memory

Abstract

The memory of hyperactive and non-hyperactive children for "attended" and "unattended" picture cards was compared under two conditions. Under Self Imposed Presentation (SI) conditions children set their own limits on presentation time while under Externally Imposed Presentation (EI) conditions children were encouraged to spend 30 seconds attending to the cards. Hyperactive children selected shorter presentation times than non-hyperactive children and recognized fewer "attended" cards under SI conditions, while the two groups performed equally well under EI conditions. These findings suggest that a major determinant of memory deficits in hyperactivity is a self imposed limitation on presentation time rather than more specific cognitive process limitations.

Response Inhibition in AD/HD, CD, Comorbid AD/HD+CD, Anxious, and Control Children: A Meta‐analysis of Studies with the Stop Task

“…On the basis of several studies (Sonuga-Barke, Taylor, & Heptinstall, 1992 ;Sonuga-Barke, Taylor, Sembi, & Smith, 1992 ;Sonuga-Barke, Williams, Hall, & Saxton, 1996), SonugaBarke (1995) set forth a model that explains the behaviour of AD\HD children in terms of a pervasive aversion of delay. According to this model, disinhibition in children with AD\HD reflects an attempt to reduce delay and does not arise from the inability to inhibit as such.…”

Stimulation Seeking and Hyperactivity in Children with ADHD

“…A variety of theories have been proposed to account for these core symptoms, including : the optimal stimulation theory (Zentall, 1975 ;Zentall & Zentall, 1983), behaviour inhibition theories (Oosterlaan & Sergeant, 1996 ;Pennington & Ozonoff, 1996 ;Quay, 1997), motivational theories (Barkley, 1989 ;Douglas & Parry, 1994 ;Iabonli, Douglas, & Baker, 1995), information processing theories (Sergeant & Van der Meere, 1990a, b ;Van der Meere, 1996), and the delay aversion theory (Sonuga-Barke, 1994 ;Sonuga-Barke, Taylor, & Heptinstall, 1992 ;Sonuga-Barke, Taylor, Sembi, & Smith, 1992 ;Sonuga-Barke, Williams, Hall, & Saxton, 1996).…”

Hypothèses et modèles théoriques du TDA/H : vers une approche holistique du trouble

“…Plus précisément, le gradient de récompense serait plus court, ce qui conduirait à une dévalorisation des récompenses différées et à une préférence pour des récom-penses immédiates. Les personnes présentant un TDA/H seraient ainsi aversives aux délais [19][20][21].…”