Hyperbolic discounting, the sign effect, and the body mass index

Ikeda, Shinsuke; Kang, Myong-Il; Ohtake, Fumio

doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2010.01.002

Cited by 168 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Third, our exploratory correlational analyses revealed a significant negative correlation between impulsivity measured by the MCQ and negative attitude towards obesity (AFA: dislike). Given that several previous studies showed positive correlations between BMI and MCQ (Bickel, et al, 2014; Borghans & Golsteyn, 2006; Ikeda, et al, 2010; Jarmolowicz, et al, 2014; Weller, et al, 2008), it might be partly related to a self-serving bias. Our study alone cannot provide a clear answer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Indeed, scientific evidence is accumulating for the strong relation between temporal discounting and body mass. People carrying excess body weight, meaning those of greater body mass index (BMI), are more likely to choose smaller, more immediate monetary rewards (Bickel, et al, 2014; Borghans & Golsteyn, 2006; Ikeda, Kang, & Ohtake, 2010; Jarmolowicz, et al, 2014; Weller, Cook, Avsar, & Cox, 2008). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Can't wait to lose weight? Characterizing temporal discounting parameters for weight-loss

Lim

Bruce

2015

Appetite

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Obesity is often related to steeper temporal discounting, that is, higher decision impulsivity for immediate rewards over delayed rewards. However, previous studies have measured temporal discounting parameters through monetary rewards. The aim of this study was to develop a temporal discounting measure based on weight-loss rewards, which may help to understand decision-making mechanisms more closely related to body weight regulation. After having their heights and weights measured, healthy young adults completed the Monetary Choice Questionnaire (MCQ), and an adapted version of the MCQ, with weight-loss as a reward. Participants also completed self-reports that measure obesity-related cognitive variables. For forty-two participants who expressed a desire to lose weight, weight-loss rewards were discounted over time and had a positive correlation with temporal discounting for monetary rewards. Higher temporal discounting for weight loss rewards (i.e., preference for immediate weight loss) showed correlations with beliefs that obesity is under obese persons’ control and largely due to lack of willpower, while temporal discounting parameters for monetary rewards did not. Taken together, our weight loss temporal discounting measure demonstrated both convergent and divergent validity, which can be utilized for future obesity research and interventions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can't wait to lose weight? Characterizing temporal discounting parameters for weight-loss

Lim

Bruce

2015

Appetite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Paradigms tapping the ability to forego immediate rewards in favour of longer-term advantages show promise: The Iowa Gambling Task has shown a consistent relationship with BMI, although studies have compared subjects of normal weight only to those who are morbidly obese (Figure 1 & Table 1: 43; Davis, Levitan, et al, 2004; Pignatti et al, 2006; Brogan, Hevey, and Pignatti, 2010; Brogan, Hevey, O’Callaghan, et al, 2010; but see Davis et al, 2010). A more direct measure of the ability to wait for larger reward, the steepness of delay discounting, has yielded consistent results mainly in population-based survey approaches (Borghans and Golsteyn, 2006; Ikeda et al, 2010; Reimers et al, 2009). Some behavioural studies have established a direct link between delay discounting and eating behaviours, but the effects were limited to women and particular adiposity indexes (Figure 1 & Table 1: 42; Rasmussen et al, 2010; Weller et al, 2008; but see Davis et al, 2010; Manwaring et al, 2011; Rasmussen et al, 2010; Yeomans et al, 2008).…”

Section: Neurocognitive Tasksmentioning

confidence: 93%

Neurobehavioural correlates of body mass index and eating behaviours in adults: A systematic review

Vainik

Dagher

Dubé

et al. 2013

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

213

274

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The worldwide increase in obesity has spurred numerous efforts to understand the regulation of eating behaviours and underlying brain mechanisms. These mechanisms can affordably be studied via neurobehavioural measures. Here, we systematically review these efforts, evaluating neurocognitive tests and personality questionnaires based on: a) consistent relationship with obesity and eating behaviour, and b) reliability. We also considered the measures’ potential to shed light on the brain mechanisms underlying these individual differences. Sixty-six neurocognitive tasks were examined. Less than 11%, mainly measures of executive functions and food motivation, yielded both replicated and reliable effects. Several different personality questionnaires were consistently related to BMI. However, further analysis found that many of these questionnaires relate closely to Conscientiousness, Extraversion and Neuroticism within the Five-Factor Model of personality. Both neurocognitive tests and personality questionnaires suggest that the critical neural systems related to individual differences in obesity are lateral prefrontal structures underpinning self-control and striatal regions implicated in food motivation. This review can guide selection of the highest yield neurobehavioural measures for future studies.

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“…Some traits seem to be associated with an increased incidence of obesity, although cause and effect are often difficult to sort out in these studies. For example, there is a positive correlation between body mass index and the discounting of future monetary rewards 87 , and individuals with stronger sensitivity for rewards (of any kind) exhibit stronger BOLD responses in OFC and NAcc when exposed to food images 88 .…”

Section: Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of dietary choice by the decision-making circuitry

2013

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To advance our understanding of how the brain makes food decisions, it is essential to combine knowledge from two fields that have not yet been well integrated: the neuro-computational basis of decision-making and the homeostatic regulators of feeding. This Review integrates these two literatures from a neuro-computational perspective, with an emphasis in describing the variables computed by different neural systems and how they affect dietary choice. We highlight what is unique about feeding decisions, the mechanisms through which metabolic and endocrine factors affect the decision-making circuitry, why making healthy food choices is difficult for many people, and key processes at work in the obesity epidemic.

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Hyperbolic discounting, the sign effect, and the body mass index

Cited by 168 publications

References 39 publications

Can't wait to lose weight? Characterizing temporal discounting parameters for weight-loss

Can't wait to lose weight? Characterizing temporal discounting parameters for weight-loss

Neurobehavioural correlates of body mass index and eating behaviours in adults: A systematic review

Regulation of dietary choice by the decision-making circuitry

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