Hyperinflammatory Response in COVID-19: A Systematic Review

Silva, Marcos Jessé Abrahão; Ribeiro, Layana Rufino; Gouveia, Maria Isabel Montoril; Marcelino, Beatriz dos Reis; Santos, Carolynne Silva dos; Lima, Karla Valéria Batista; Lima, Luana Nepomuceno Gondim Costa

doi:10.3390/v15020553

Cited by 58 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…Studies have found that severe cases of COVID-19 are associated with a systemic hyperin ammatory response indicating that a signi cant aspect of the disease's development is the impairment or exhaustion of immune-competent cell activity (Silva et al 2023). The speci c mechanisms underlying these immune diseases remain mostly unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between Polymorphisms in HLA-G 3’UTR Region and COVID- 19 Disease Severity

Alyami,

Barnawi,

Christmas

et al. 2024

Preprint

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This study aims to discover how HLA-G gene variations and sHLA-G, as well as other host genetic factors, can affect SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this case-control study, 67 Patients with COVID-19 were and 65 healthy controls were genotyped for their main functional polymorphisms in the exon 8 of the 3' untranslated regions (3' UTRs) using sanger sequencing. Associations were assessed for five inheritance models (co-dominant, dominant, recessive, over-dominant and log-additive). Moreover, the levels of plasma soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) were explored using ELISA method. Our results revealed all-main polymorphism in the 3’UTR region previously described for the HLA-G 3’UTR, namely, the 14-bp Ins/Del (rs371194629), +3003C/T (rs1707), + 3010C/G (rs1710), + 3027A/C (rs17179101), + 3035C/T (rs17179108), + 3142C/G (rs1063320), + 3187A/G (rs9380142) and + 3196C/G (rs1610696). The 14-bp INS/DEL polymorphism was strongly associated with COVID-19 symptoms development for almost all tested inheritance models (P < 0.001). Inversely, the (+3196C/G) polymorphism exhibited a protective effect against COVID-19. Three haplotypes; UTR-1, UTR-3, and UTR-5 were found associated with COVID-19 symptoms (P < 0.05), The level of HLA-G in the serum was significantly higher in COVID-19 individuals than in healthy individuals (P <0.001).These findings suggest that HLA-G gene polymorphisms in the regulatory 3’UTR region of the HLA-G gene may influence the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. A deeper comprehension of host genetics could be useful in identifying high-risk individuals and in the development of better treatments or vaccinations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between Polymorphisms in HLA-G 3’UTR Region and COVID- 19 Disease Severity

Alyami,

Barnawi,

Christmas

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Viruses can use different mechanisms to harm the endothelium. Aside from causing apoptosis in endothelial cells, viruses also significantly increase cytokine levels, resulting in alterations to the cell junctions, increasing vascular permeability, and altering endothelial function [27]. As a result of COVID-19, endothelial cells are likely to detach rapidly, and cell regeneration may not occur as effectively as expected [28].…”

Section: Covid-19 Infection and Cerebral Vascular Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result of COVID-19, endothelial cells are likely to detach rapidly, and cell regeneration may not occur as effectively as expected [28]. The endothelium becomes activated due to the cytokine storm, resulting in endothelial dysfunction, endothelial cell death, increased vascular permeability, and impaired endothelial barrier functionality, ultimately leading to cell detachment [27]. As a result, parts of the inner surface devoid of endothelial cells appear, and the detached endothelial cells enter the bloodstream.…”

Section: Covid-19 Infection and Cerebral Vascular Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral Vasomotor Reactivity in COVID-19: A Narrative Review

Ghotbi

Estakhr

Hosseini

et al. 2023

Life

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) primarily affects the respiratory system but can also lead to neurological complications. Among COVID-19 patients, the endothelium is considered the Achilles heel. A variety of endothelial dysfunctions may result from SARS-CoV-2 infection and subsequent endotheliitis, such as altered vascular tone, oxidative stress, and cytokine storms. The cerebral hemodynamic impairment that is caused is associated with a higher probability of severe disease and poor outcomes in patients with COVID-19. This review summarizes the most relevant literature on the role of vasomotor reactivity (VMR) in COVID-19 patients. An overview of the research articles is presented. Most of the studies have supported the hypothesis that endothelial dysfunction and cerebral VMR impairment occur in COVID-19 patients. Researchers believe these alterations may be due to direct viral invasion of the brain or indirect effects, such as inflammation and cytokines. Recently, researchers have concluded that viruses such as the Human Herpes Virus 8 and the Hantavirus predominantly affect endothelial cells and, therefore, affect cerebral hemodynamics. Especially in COVID-19 patients, impaired VMR is associated with a higher risk of severe disease and poor outcomes. Using VMR, one can gain valuable insight into a patient’s disease progression and make more informed decisions regarding appropriate treatment options. A new pandemic may develop with the COVID-19 virus or other viruses, making it essential that healthcare providers and researchers remain focused on developing new strategies for improving survival in such patients, particularly those with cerebrovascular risk factors.

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“…«цитокинового шторма» (ЦШ) [5,6]. Термин ЦШ используется для определения взрывного неконтролируемого иммунного ответа, вызванного инфекцией SARS-CoV-2, приводящего к тяжёлым симптомам [5][6][7]. ЦШ может вносить значимый вклад в развитие тяжёлого системного воспаления, острого респираторного дистресс-синдрома (ОРДС), полиорганной недостаточности, что в совокупности повышает риск развития летального исхода [8][9][10][11].…”

Section: введение / Introductionunclassified

Efficacy of interleukin-6 inhibitors as a tool for preventive anti-inflammatory therapy for COVID-19

Zyryanov,

Butranova,

Abramova

2024

GCP

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The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) is characterized by damage, along with the lungs, to many other vital organs and systems. The prevalence and severity of the resulting lesions are determined by the ability of the SARS-CoV-2 virus to cause excessive activation of the immune response, accompanied by changes in both cellular and humoral components. Among humoral disorders, the most significant is the hypersecretion of cytokines, including interleukins (IL), in particular IL-6 and IL1β. Elevated levels of IL-6 are one of the main predictors of severe COVID-19 and death. So, blocking the effects of this cytokine is of fundamental importance for improving the clinical outcomes of patients. Monoclonal antibodies against human interleukin-6 receptor or against IL-6 have been widely studied in patients with extremely severe COVID-19, and to a lesser extent in mild and moderate severity. Regardless of the severity, maximum effectiveness is achieved when these drugs are administered as early as possible, which made it possible to create such a tool as preventive anti-inflammatory therapy. Preventive prescription of IL-6 inhibitors may be useful not only for hospitalized inpatients, but also for outpatients. This review is aimed to assess the effectiveness of early use of IL-6 inhibitors both in hospitalized and ambulatory patients with varying degrees of severity of COVID-19.

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Hyperinflammatory Response in COVID-19: A Systematic Review

Cited by 58 publications

References 118 publications

Relationships between Polymorphisms in HLA-G 3’UTR Region and COVID- 19 Disease Severity

Relationships between Polymorphisms in HLA-G 3’UTR Region and COVID- 19 Disease Severity

Cerebral Vasomotor Reactivity in COVID-19: A Narrative Review

Efficacy of interleukin-6 inhibitors as a tool for preventive anti-inflammatory therapy for COVID-19

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