Hyperinsulinemia and Insulin Resistance: Scope of the Problem

Fung, Jason; Berger, Amy

doi:10.4102/jir.v1i1.18

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Hyperinsulinemia, rather than impaired fasting glucose, may play the largest causal role in the pathology and progression of metabolic derangement. Impaired fasting glucose is a late indicator of metabolic dysregulation [ 37 ]. HOMA-IR was not different from fasting plasma insulin in predicting MS in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of different criteria for the definition of insulin resistance and its relationship to metabolic risk in children and adolescents

Lee

Ahn

Choi

et al. 2020

Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab

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Childhood obesity frequently persists into adulthood, and is associated with insulin resistance (IR) and increased long-term morbidity and mortality. We compared IR criteria concerning 'age-specific cutoff points (ACOP)' and 'fixed cutoff points (FCOP)' for the identification of IR, and we investigated their correlation with metabolic syndrome (MS) Methods: The data were acquired from the 5 th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010-2011). Participants aged from 10 to17 years underwent fasting plasma glucose, insulin concentrations and lipid panel measurements. High fasting plasma insulin levels or increased homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were defined as IR. We analyzed MS and IR frequencies according to FCOP or ACOP Results: Among 719 participants, 165 (22.9%) were overweight or obese based on their body mass index. We found no prevalence of MS in underweight/normal weight participants and 12.7 % prevalence rate in overweight or obese participants. IR according to ACOP was more closely associated with MS than IR according to FCOP. No differences were found in predicting the frequency of MS using FCOP or ACOP in both fasting plasma insulin and HOMA-IR. Conclusion: The frequencies of MS in participants with IR defined using ACOP and FCOP were similar. However, IR using ACOP was more closely associated with MS than IR using FCOP.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of different criteria for the definition of insulin resistance and its relationship to metabolic risk in children and adolescents

Lee

Ahn

Choi

et al. 2020

Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab

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show abstract

“…While infectious agents were the major causes of disease at the beginning of the 20th century, infectious diseases were replaced by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and diabetic complications, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cancer as major causes of death by the 21st century. At present, westernized populations are plagued by a plethora of chronic degenerative diseases, including obesity, T2DM, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, stroke, autoimmune diseases, essential hypertension, cancer, osteoporosis and other more, and the number of these diseases is also rapidly increasing in developing countries 1–3…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>How Western Diet And Lifestyle Drive The Pandemic Of Obesity And Civilization Diseases</p>

Köpp¹

2019

DMSO

497

308

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Westernized populations are plagued by a plethora of chronic non-infectious degenerative diseases, termed as “civilization diseases”, like obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, autoimmune diseases, Alzheimer's disease and many more, diseases which are rare or virtually absent in hunter-gatherers and other non-westernized populations. There is a growing awareness that the cause of this amazing discrepancy lies in the profound changes in diet and lifestyle during recent human history. This paper shows that the transition from Paleolithic nutrition to Western diets, along with lack of corresponding genetic adaptations, cause significant distortions of the fine-tuned metabolism that has evolved over millions of years of human evolution in adaptation to Paleolithic diets. With the increasing spread of Western diet and lifestyle worldwide, overweight and civilization diseases are also rapidly increasing in developing countries. It is suggested that the diet-related key changes in the developmental process include an increased production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress, development of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, low-grade inflammation and an abnormal activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin system, all of which play pivotal roles in the development of diseases of civilization. In addition, diet-related epigenetic changes and fetal programming play an important role. The suggested pathomechanism is also able to explain the well-known but not completely understood close relationship between obesity and the wide range of comorbidities, like type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, etc., as diseases of the same etiopathology. Changing our lifestyle in accordance with our genetic makeup, including diet and physical activity, may help prevent or limit the development of these diseases.

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“…8 Menstrual cycle disorders and type 2 DM have the same risk factors such as obesity and hyperinsulinemia, so they were used as confounding variables in this study. 11,12 In this study, physical activity did not have a significant relationship with the incidence of type 2 DM in women of childbearing age because the two groups of subjects did not have significant differences in the mean results of the IPAQ score, and other possibilities that could occur due to the physical daily activities (such as walking, hoeing, washing, gardening, sweeping, mopping, washing dishes) were not included in the physical activity. This is in accordance with a study conducted at RSUD (Regional Public Hospital) of Cilegon in 2013 stating that physical activity had no significant relationship with fasting blood glucose levels in type 2 DM patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Irregular menstrual cycles as a risk factor of type 2 diabetes mellitus in women of childbearing age

Aghestya

Widyastuti

Ardiaria

et al. 2021

JKKI

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Background: Irregular menstrual cycles are a risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in women. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate irregular menstrual cycles as a risk factor of type 2 DM in women of childbearing age with body fat percentage, waist-hip ratio, diet quality, and physical activity as confounding factors. Methods: This was a case-control study. Its subjects were subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (n=31) and subjects without any clinical evidence of abnormal glucose regulation (n=31) who attended Puskesmas (Community Health Centre) Rowosari, Tembalang, Semarang with over 30 years of age. Based on their menstrual cycles, they were divided into two groups: women with irregular menstrual cycles, and those with regular menstrual cycles. Cochran Mantel-Haenszel test was used to control their confounding factors. Results: There was an association between irregular menstrual cycles and type 2 DM (p<0.05) with a 7.2 greater risk on women of childbearing age (OR = 7.2, 95% CI=2.18-23.75). By the Cochran Mantel-Haenszel test, the association was still significant; women with over percentage of body fat and central obese with irregular menstrual cycle had 4,85 times and 4,37 times of sequentially greater risk on type 2 DM (OR = 4.85, 95% CI=0.98-23.95 vs OR = 4.37, 95% CI=0.93-20.51). Conclusion: The irregular menstrual cycles was a risk factor of type 2 DM, especially in obese women of childbearing age.

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Hyperinsulinemia and Insulin Resistance: Scope of the Problem

Abstract: No abstract available.

Cited by 9 publications

References 85 publications

Comparison of different criteria for the definition of insulin resistance and its relationship to metabolic risk in children and adolescents

Comparison of different criteria for the definition of insulin resistance and its relationship to metabolic risk in children and adolescents

<p>How Western Diet And Lifestyle Drive The Pandemic Of Obesity And Civilization Diseases</p>

Irregular menstrual cycles as a risk factor of type 2 diabetes mellitus in women of childbearing age

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