Hyperkinetic behavior syndrome in children

Methylphenidate and cognitive flexibility: Dissociated dose effects in hyperactive children

“…It is noteworthy in this regard that previous evidence of performance decrements at high dose has been found on cognitively complex tasks or on the most difficult levels of a task (e.g., Douglas et al, 1988;Tannock & Schachar, 1992). Moreover, given that the effect was to slow the inhibitory processes (albeit relative to a lower dose rather than placebo) rather than the execution processes, it is reasonable to speculate that a stimulant-induced decrement in inhibitory control may underlie previous clinical and empirical reports of perseverative phenomenology in hyperac-tive children receiving stimulant treatment (e.g., Laufer et al, 1957;Tannock & Schachar, 1992). …”

“…A wide range of phenomena resulting from stimulant treatment have been described that are consistent with the cognitive flexibility hypothesis: a decreased ability to shift mental set (Dyme, Sahakian, Golinko, & Rabe, 1982;Tannock & Schachar, 1992); repetitive scanning of restricted areas of a visual display without improvement in performance on a match-tosample task (Flintoff, Barron, Swanson, Ledlow, & Kinsbourne, 1982); problems thinking divergently as opposed to convergently (Solanto & Wender, 1989); motor stereotypy (Robbins & Sahakian, 1979); and clinical descriptions of children treated with stimulants as looking like "zombies" (Sprague & Gadow, 1976), "unusually inactive, not simply less restless" (Rapoport et al, 1978, p. 562), or flxated to whatever they were doing (Laufer, Denhoff & Riverside, 1957).…”

Adaptação transcultural para o português da escala Adult Self-Report Scale para avaliação do transtorno de déficit de atenção/hiperatividade (TDAH) em adultos

“…O texto da edição atual, DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994), indica que, em alguns casos, o transtorno persiste até a vida adulta, denotando que a melhora da hiperatividade e da impulsividade ao final da adolescência poderia ser parcial, sem remissão completa do transtorno, ao contrário do que anteriormente se acreditava (Laufer e Denhoff, 1957).…”

Painel brasileiro de especialistas sobre diagnóstico do transtorno de déficit de atenção/hiperatividade (TDAH) em adultos

“…Two diagnostic systems are more used for the diagnosis of ADHD in adults: the WenderUtah diagnostic criteria 33 and the DSM-IV, 4 by the American Psychiatric Association. The WenderUtah criteria have significantly contributed to the consolidation of the validation of the adult form of ADHD, and had its internal consistency recently confirmed.…”

“…4 The publication of the DSM-III in 1980 introduced great changes: a) the inclusion of the etiology for the definition and terminology was abandoned in favor of phenomenological operational criteria; b) the possibility of ADD with no hyperactivity, with the focus on inattention as the main symptom; and c) the possibility of an adult form called "residual type." One year later, Wender et al, 5 part of the Utah Group, published the first criteria for the diagnosis in adults.…”