Hyperlipemia and ketosis in the pregnant rat

Scow, Robert O.; Chernick, Sidney S.; Brinley, Marlene S.

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1964.206.4.796

Cited by 208 publications

(83 citation statements)

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“…However, the excursions were more pronounced in the pregnant animals: Their blood sugar declined to near hypoglycemic levels (P < 0.001); their FFA rose twice as much (P <0001); and their increments in plasma ketones were 4-fold greater (P < 0.001) ( Table II). The findings are in agreement with earlier observations by Scow, Chernick, and Brinley (6). In contrast to the findings of others (42), concentrations of plasma IRI were substantially greater in fed pregnant than in fed virgin animals (P <0.02) (Table II).…”

Section: Gluconeogenesis From Labeled Pyruvate In Vivosupporting

confidence: 93%

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Carbohydrate metabolism in pregnancy

Herrera¹,

Knopp²,

Freinkel³

1969

J. Clin. Invest.

227

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A B S T R A C T The effects of late pregnancy on metabolic fuels, liver composition, gluconeogenesis, and nitrogen metabolism have been examined in fed and fasted rats.Plasma free fatty acid (FFA) and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) are greater and glucose and ketones are lower in fed 19-day pregnant than they are in agematched virgin rats. A 48 hr fast elicits greater increases in FFA and ketones and more profound reductions in glucose in the pregnant rats and obliterates the differences in IRI. Fetal weight is not modified by such fasting but maternal weight losses exceed that of the nongravid rats.Livers from rats 19 days pregnant contain more and larger hepatocytes. Per /Amole hepatic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) -phosphorus, water and protein are more abundant, whereas glycogen is unaffected. Livers from fed pregnant rats contain more lipid phosphorus and less neutral lipid fatty acid. After a 48 hr fast, hepatic steatosis supervenes in gravid animals due to accumulated neutral fat. The contents of hepatic acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) and citric acid are not different in fed pregnant and virgin rats but are greater in the pregnant rats after fasting.

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Section: Gluconeogenesis From Labeled Pyruvate In Vivosupporting

confidence: 93%

“…These IRI measurements do not support the postulate (6) that the marked decline of blood sugar causes absolute hypoinsulinism in fasted pregnant rats.…”

Section: Gluconeogenesis From Labeled Pyruvate In Vivocontrasting

confidence: 89%

Carbohydrate metabolism in pregnancy

Herrera¹,

Knopp²,

Freinkel³

1969

J. Clin. Invest.

227

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“…In rats, which have been most extensively studied, there are no metabolic data from conception to term. In addition, most of the data in rats have been obtained over the latter half of gestation using a variety of techniques [by decapitation (9,27); under anesthesia (14,20,33); in awake animals (39); and most recently, in chronically chatheterized animals (lo)]. These studies have produced quite variable results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some Aspects of Maternal Metabolism Throughout Pregnancy in the Conscious Rabbit

1984

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SummaryStudies of maternal metabolism during pregnancy have focused principally upon the latter half of gestation. However, maternal metabolic adaptations to pregnancy may occur at all stages of pregnancy. To study maternal metabolism throughout pregnancy, we developed a chronically catheterized rabbit model in which animals could be studied under conscious, stress-free conditions when nonpregnant and then serially throughout pregnancy.Anesthesia produced marked hyperglycemia. In contrast, chronic catheterization and daily handling did not affect blood concentrations of glucose, lactate, ketone bodies, or free fatty acids, or food intake. Glucose concentration decreased with pregnancy to a value at term equal to 85% of the prepregnancy value. Lactate concentration rose significantly in the second half of pregnancy but changes in free fatty acids and ketoacid levels were not significant. These results are discussed from a comparative physiologic point of view, emphasizing the unique aspects of rabbit metabolism during pregnancy and the importance of performing such studies under conscious, stress-free conditions.The impact of pregnancy upon maternal metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids has been studied in the rat (14,20), guinea pigs (I I, 37), and man (8,18,30). In these species, most studies were performed over the latter third of gestation. It is probable that the timing and the magnitude ofmaternal metabolic changes during pregnancy may be related to such factors as the growth rate of the fetus and the placenta, the fetal and placental mass and metabolic rate at different stages of pregnancy, and the maternal diet. In particular, animal species with a relatively short gestation that produce a large fetal to maternal mass ratio at term (i.e., guinea pig, 0.50; rat, 0.17; and rabbit, 0.15) are of interest with regard to the maternal metabolic changes which occur during the entirety of gestation.The majority of metabolic studies during pregnancy have involved surgical, anesthetic, and handling stress. In particular, in the rabbit there have been no studies describing maternal metabolism at any time of pregnancy under chronic, stress-free, steady state conditions. The present paper describes our results in developing techniques for chronic catheterization of rabbits prior to pregnancy, permitting metabolic studies in the conscious

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“…One of the major problems raised by these and similar studies in experimental animals (2,3), concerns the mechanism whereby gluconeogenesis is regulated in gestation. Specifically, the basis for the failure of maternal gluconeogenic processes to keep pace with.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amino acid metabolism during starvation in human pregnancy

Felig¹,

Kim²,

Lynch³

et al. 1972

J. Clin. Invest.

122

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A B S T R A C T To evaluate the factors regulating gluconeogenesis in pregnancy, plasma amino acid levels were determined during the course of an 84-90 hr fast in physically healthy women studied during wk 16-22 of gestation (before undergoing therapeutic abortion), and in nonpregnant controls. The effect of pregnancy on the glycemic response to exogenous alanine administration during starvation was also investigated.In the nonpregnant group fasting resulted in a 2-to 3-fold increase in the levels of plasma valine, leucine, isoleucine, and a-aminobutyrate, while the concentration of alanine and glycine fell. In the pregnant group, the levels of most amino acids were significantly reduced in the postabsorptive state. With starvation, the plasma concentration of alanine fell smore rapidly in the pregnant group and was significantly below that of the nonpregnant subjects for the first 60 hr of the fast. In contrast, a significant elevation in plasma glycine, serine, and threonine was observed in the pregnant group after 84 hr of fasting, whereas similar increments were not demonstrable until after 10 days of fasting in previously studied nonpregnant obese subjects. Paralleling the changes in maternal plasma, amniotic fluid levels of valine, leucine, and isoleucine increased while that of alanine fell during the fast.Although the plasma glucose concentration was lower in the pregnant group at termination of the fast, intravenous alanine administration (0.15 g/kg), resulted in a prompt, comparable increase (20-25 mg/100 ml) in plasma glucose in both groups of subjects.It is concluded that (a) pregnancy accelerates and exaggerates the hypoalaninemic and hyperglycinemic effects of starvation; (b) lack of key endogenous subDr. Felig is a Teaching and Research Scholar of the American College of Physicians.

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Hyperlipemia and ketosis in the pregnant rat

Cited by 208 publications

References 0 publications

Carbohydrate metabolism in pregnancy

Carbohydrate metabolism in pregnancy

Some Aspects of Maternal Metabolism Throughout Pregnancy in the Conscious Rabbit

Amino acid metabolism during starvation in human pregnancy

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