Hyperoxaluria-induced tubular ischemia: the effects of verapamil on the antioxidant capacity of the affected kidneys

Abstract

To evaluate the potential protective effects of a calcium channel blocker (Verapamil) on the oxidative stress related changes with an emphasis on the antioxidant capacity of the kidneys an experimental study in rats was performed. A total of 44 rats have been included. Hyperoxaluria was induced in Group 1 by continuous administration of ethylene glycol (EG). Animals in Group 2 received Verapamil in addition to EG. Animals in Group 3 constituted the control group. In addition to the evaluation of tissue and serum levels of three scavenging enzymes, NO, MDA and T-AOC; the presence and degree of crystal formation in renal parenchyma were evaluated in all animals after 7 and 28 days. Our data demonstrated that in addition to the lower level of all three scavenging enzymes (SOD, CAT and GSH) particularly during late phase evaluation (4 weeks); the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) of these kidneys were also higher when compared with the animals receiving EG only. Tissue and serum levels of both NO and MDA indicated the preventive effect of Verapamil on the oxidative stress induced changes. Very limited or no crystallization in the kidneys treated with verapamil during early and late phase examination was observed when compared with considerable crystal formation in Group 2 animals. Verapamil treatment may preserve the oxidant capacity of the kidneys and subsequently limit the crystal deposition induced by hyperoxaluria. Verapamil could therefore be considered in the management of kidney stone formation particularly in cases with recurrent kidney stone disease.

The mechanism of the preventive effect of Shen’an capsule on the calcium oxalate crystal‐induced early renal injury based on metabolomics

“…As our previous research showed, the expression of antioxidants including GSH were markedly decreased in the kidney tissue in a similar rodent model of renal CaOx crystal deposition (Peng et al, ). The significantly decreased level of plasma GSH induced by CaOx in this study reflected the systemic oxidative status of the mice, according to the outcomes of another study based on a rat model (Sarica et al, ). SA capsules ameliorated the crystal‐induced oxidative stress by reversing the regulation of GSH and pyroglutamic acid.…”

Antioxidant Pre-Treatment Reduces the Toxic Effects of Oxalate on Renal Epithelial Cells in a Cell Culture Model of Urolithiasis

“…Under physiological conditions, cells are equipped with numerous antioxidant systems, among others enzymatic (above discussed SOD) and non-enzymatic (GSH, vitamins E, A and C) to limit the effects of free radicals [ 44 ]. Up to a certain point, they can control the damage caused by free radicals, when this point is exceeded, cells are faced with oxidative stress, and addition of external antioxidants is necessary to maintain cell viability [ 45 , 46 ].…”