Hyperprolactinaemia and Male Infertility

Abbassy, A. A.; Saikali, W. A.

doi:10.1111/j.1464-410x.1982.tb06983.x

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…However, high levels of circulating PRL result in testicular hypofunction and contribute to the appearance of sexual impotence and infertility in the mammals [Abbassy and Saikali, 1982;Bartke et al, 1986;Carter et al, 1978;Svare et al, 1979]. A precisely controlled homeostasis of plasma PRL is crucial to the competence of reproductive functions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of hyperprolactinemia on testosterone production in rat Leydig cells

Huang

Yeh²,

Kan³

et al. 2000

J. Cell. Biochem.

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The pathogenesis of hyperprolactinemia (hyperPRL) induced hypogonadism has been suggested to be related with a dysfunction of hypothalamus-pituitary-testis axis. While the direct inhibitory effects of prolactin (PRL) on testosterone (T) release have been demonstrated, the mechanism is still unclear. Our previous study demonstrated a diminished T release in the testicular interstitial cells (TICs) from the anterior pituitary (AP)-grafted rats as compared with the control, and the pattern was in agreement with the in vivo model. However, TICs incubation cannot totally represent the response of the Leydig cells. Therefore, a Percoll gradient purified Leydig cell model was adopted to explore the response of T release under similar challenges in this study to investigate the effects of hyperPRL on the Leydig cells per se. HyperPRL in male rats was induced by grafting rat AP under the renal capsule. The control animals were grafted with rat brain cortex tissue (CX). Six weeks after grafting, the rats were sacrificed. Either TICs or Leydig cells were isolated, respectively, for in vitro incubation and challenge. Challenge drugs included human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG, 0.05 IU/ml), steroidogenic precursors (25-OH-cholesterol, 10(-6) M; pregnenolone, 10(-6) M), forskolin (an anenylyl cyclase activator, 10(-4) M) and 8-bromo-3':5' cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) (8-Br-cAMP 10(-4) M). T released by TICs or Leydig cells was determined by radioimmunoassay. The TICs from the AP-grafted rats showed lower levels of T release than the control group while the purified Leydig cells demonstrated a reverse pattern in response to challenges of hCG, steroidogenic precursors, forskolin and 8-Br-cAMP. In hyperPRL rats, a paradoxical pattern of T release between TICs and purified Leydig cells is observed. The purified Leydig cells from AP-grafted rats demonstrated a higher level amount of T release than the control after stimulation. The phenomenon can be attributed to the change of Leydig cell sensitivity to the stimulation after the effects of chronic hyperPRL. Moreover, another possibility is the role played by other interstitial cells to modulate steroidogenesis in Leydig cells.

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confidence: 99%

Effects of hyperprolactinemia on testosterone production in rat Leydig cells

Huang

Yeh²,

Kan³

et al. 2000

J. Cell. Biochem.

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“…Male patients with prolactinoma often show decreased libido, impotence, disturbance of T production, and disturbance of sperm production as reported by many authors (Abbassy & Saikali, 1982;Carter et al, 1978;Fraioli et al, 1980;Franks et al, 1978;Grisoli et al, 1980;Murray et al, 1984;Nag et al, 1981;Prescott et al, 1982;Sharpe & McNeilly, 1979). However, there has rarely been a study of hypothalamic dysfunction, particularly pulsatile secretion of LH, in male prolactinoma (Ambrosi et al, 1985).…”

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confidence: 94%

Hypogonadism of male prolactinomas: Relation to pulsatile secretion of LH: Hypogonadisms des Mannes mit Prolaktinomen: Beziehungen zur pulsatilen LH-Sekretion

et al. 2009

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In order to investigate whether a hypothalamic disorder cause hypogonadism in male prolactinomas, LH pulsatile secretion was studied in 13 male patients. Serum PRL levels ranged from 186 to 45,000 ng ml-' before treatment, and all the tumors were macroadenomas. Reduced LH secrection was revealed in 5 of 13 patients, and FSH was reduced in 1 of 13. Serum testosterone (T) levels were lower than the normal limit in all the patients. HCG tests in 3 patients showed good responses, but the peak values of T were lower than those of normal men. LH pulsatilities were examined in 5 hyperprolactinemic patients before treatment, in 4 hyperprolactinemic patients after operation, and in 8 normoprolactinemic patients after operation and/or bromocriptine treatment. There was no significant difference of the mean LH values, the frequencies of LH pulses, and amplitudes among the hyperprolactinemic patients before operation (n = 5), the normoprolactinemic patients after operation (n = 8), and normal men (n = 7). From these results, it was evident that the hypothalamus and pituitary function of male prolactinomas were well preserved, in spite of higher serum PRL levels and larger tumor size than those reported in females. It is suggested that the main cause of hypogonadism in these patients is due to testicular dysfunction resulting from excessive serum PRL.Zusammenfassung. Um die Frage zu klaren, ob eine Storung des Hypothalamus den Hypogonadismus des Mannes bei Prolaktinom verursacht, wurde die pulsatile LH-Sekretion bei 13 Mannern untersucht. Die Serum-Prolaktinwerte lagen zwischen 186 und 45.000 ng/ml vor der Behandlung; alle Tumoren waren Makroadenome. Bei 5 von 13 Patienten fand sich eine reduzierte LH-Sekretion. Serum-Testosteron lag niedriger als normal bei allen Fallen. HCG-Tests zeigten in 3 Fallen gute Reaktionen, aber die Spitzenwerte waren niedriger als bei normalen Mannern. Bei 5 Mannern wurden die LH-Pulsatile vor der Behandlung untersucht, viermal nach der Operation und in 8 Fallen mit normalen Prolaktinwerten nach Operation und/oder Bromokryptinbehandlung. Es ergab sich keine signifikante Differenz zwischen den Mittelwerten fur LH, den Frequenzen der LH-Pulse und den Amplituden unter den hyperprolaktinamischen Mannern vor der Operation (n= 5), dennormoprolaktinamischen Mannern nach der Operation (n= 8) und den normalen 520 Y. Saitoh et al. Mannern (n = 7). Aufgrund dieser Ergebnisse ist es nach Auffassung der Autoren bewiesen, daR die Hypothalamus-und die Hypophysenvorderlappenfunktion von Mannern mitProlaktinomen gut geschutzt ist, trotz der hoheren Serumprolaktinwerte und des groReren Tumors als bei den bisher mitgeteilten Befunden bei Frauen. Das 1aRt daran denken, daR die Hauptursache des Hypogonadismus bei diesen Patienten im Hinblick auf die Hodendysfunktion von den erhohten Prolaktinwerten herruhrt.

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Gonadotropins, testosterone and prolactin in men with abnormal semen findings and an evaluation of the hormone profile

Abramsson

Duchek

1989

International Urology and Nephrology

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Over a 4-year period, 259 men were investigated regarding primary (86.5%) or secondary (13.5%) infertility. Men with azoospermia had significantly higher concentrations of FSH and LH and lower concentrations of testosterone than those with spermatozoa. High concentrations of FSH and LH in serum were found in case of low sperm density. Men with low testicular volume had high concentrations of FSH and LH and low concentrations of testosterone. FSH was closely correlated with LH and also with total testicular volume. A negative correlation was found between both gonadotropins and testosterone. The correlation between LH and testosterone was stronger in axoospermic men than in those with spermatozoa in semen. Serum concentrations of prolactin were higher in men with high sperm motility than among men with low motility of spermatozoa. Otherwise, prolactin concentrations were not correlated either with sperm density or with the morphology of spermatozoa or total testicular volume. A 'hormone profile' of FSH, LH and testosterone concentrations is suggested useful in the routine investigation of the infertile man, as more information is given by this profile than by FSH concentrations alone.

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Hyperprolactinaemia and Male Infertility

Abstract: Basal serum prolactin levels were measured in 28 infertile males. Eighteen (64%) of these had a raised serum prolactin, either alone or with other hormonal changes.Possible explanations for this high incidence of hyperprolactinaemia are suggested.

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

Effects of hyperprolactinemia on testosterone production in rat Leydig cells

Effects of hyperprolactinemia on testosterone production in rat Leydig cells

Hypogonadism of male prolactinomas: Relation to pulsatile secretion of LH: Hypogonadisms des Mannes mit Prolaktinomen: Beziehungen zur pulsatilen LH-Sekretion

Gonadotropins, testosterone and prolactin in men with abnormal semen findings and an evaluation of the hormone profile

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