Hypersensitive reaction and induced resistance in rice against the Asian rice gall midge <i>Orseolia oryzae</i>

Bentur, J. S.; Kalode, M. B.

doi:10.1111/j.1570-7458.1996.tb00766.x

Cited by 47 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…For example, HR was observed in many willow tree varieties (Salix viminalis) with resistance to the gall midge Dasineura marginemtorquens (Hoglund et al, 2005;Larsson & Wingsle, 2005). HR is also associated with wheat resistance to the Hessian fly Mayetiola destructor (Grover, 1995), rice resistance to the Asian rice gall midge Orseolia oryzae (Bentur & Kalode, 1996), peach resistance to aphids (Sauge et al, 1998), and bean resistance to the bean-pod weevil Apion godmani (Garza et al, 2001).…”

Section: Overall Categories Of Direct Defensementioning

confidence: 99%

Inducible direct plant defense against insect herbivores: A review

2008

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Plants respond to insect herbivory with responses broadly known as direct defenses, indirect defenses, and tolerance. Direct defenses include all plant traits that affect susceptibility of host plants by themselves. Overall categories of direct plant defenses against insect herbivores include limiting food supply, reducing nutrient value, reducing preference, disrupting physical structures, and inhibiting chemical pathways of the attacking insect. Major known defense chemicals include plant secondary metabolites, protein inhibitors of insect digestive enzymes, proteases, lectins, amino acid deaminases and oxidases. Multiple factors with additive or even synergistic impact are usually involved in defense against a specific insect species, and factors of major importance to one insect species may only be of secondary importance or not effective at all against another insect species. Extensive qualitative and quantitative high throughput analyses of temporal and spatial variations in gene expression, protein level and activity, and metabolite concentration will accelerate not only the understanding of the overall mechanisms of direct defense, but also accelerate the identification of specific targets for enhancement of plant resistance for agriculture.

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Section: Overall Categories Of Direct Defensementioning

confidence: 99%

Inducible direct plant defense against insect herbivores: A review

2008

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“…In more than 90% of oviposition, galls failed to initiate indicating the effectiveness of this defense by the host plant. HR has also been recognized as one of the most relevant mortality factor by which rice, wheat, and beans defend against their major herbivore pests (Shukle et al 1992;Bentur and Kalode 1996;Garza et al 2001 (2001) have now concluded that this poorly studied induced defense mechanism may have evolved very early. However, the only examples of HR against galling insects we are aware of so far come from agronomic crop plants and from some wild tropical trees and shrubs, and this does not reflect its frequency and importance in nature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypersensitivity of Fagus sylvatica L. against leaf galling insects

Fernandes

Duarte

Lüttge

2003

Trees - Structure and Function

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Hypersensitivity is known as a localized resistance of plants against pathogens. It also can be detected in response to galling insects, i.e., in the area immediately adjacent to the site of oviposition and attempted penetration by the galling larva. This host response includes morphological and histological changes that cause the death of the attacked tissue. It is observed as a rounded dark brown halo around the gall induction site. We provide the first observation on the occurrence and possible relevance of this induced mechanism by which one of the most common tree species in Germany, Fagus sylvatica L., resists attack by two of its most common galling insects, Mikiola fagi and Hartigiola annulipes (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Galls induced by these cecidomyiids were extremely common in the studied area in beech forests around Darmstadt, Germany. The availability of resources (leaves on a stem) was a poor predictor of attack by the galling insects as well as for gall abundance (galls successfully formed). Hypersensitive reaction was the most important factor acting against the galling population studied. More than 77% of the attempts of the insects to induce galls on F. sylvatica resulted in failure and consequently the death of the galling larvae. Therefore, few live galls remained to be found and destroyed by natural enemies. This corroborates the view that in galling insect-host plant system interactions plant-driven factors may play a major role in determining herbivore failure and success, and perhaps the resulting community structure.

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“…For example, HR-like lesions were observed in willow (Salix viminalis) tree varieties with resistance to the gall midge Dasineura marginemtorquens (Hoglund et al, 2005). HR-like symptoms were also observed with wheat (Triticum aestivum) resistance to the Hessian fly Mayetiola destructor (Grover, 1995), rice (Oryza sativa) resistance to the Asian rice gall midge Orseolia oryzae (Bentur and Kalode, 1996), peach (Prunus persica) resistance to the aphid Myzus persicae (Sauge et al, 1998), and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) resistance to the bean-pod weevil Apion godmani (Garza et al, 2001). Despite these phenotypic observations, the biological significance of ROS in plant defense against insects remains to be established, and the mechanism for ROS generation in plants upon insect attack has yet to be determined.…”

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confidence: 96%

Reactive Oxygen Species Are Involved in Plant Defense against a Gall Midge

Liu

Williams²,

Nemacheck³

et al. 2009

Plant Physiology

159

114

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a major role in plant defense against pathogens, but evidence for their role in defense against insects is still preliminary and inconsistent. In this study, we examined the potential role of ROS in defense of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and rice (Oryza sativa) against Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor) larvae. Rapid and prolonged accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) was detected in wheat plants at the attack site during incompatible interactions. Increased accumulation of both H 2 O 2 and superoxide was detected in rice plants during nonhost interactions with the larvae. No increase in accumulation of either H 2 O 2 or superoxide was observed in wheat plants during compatible interactions. A global analysis revealed changes in the abundances of 250 wheat transcripts and 320 rice transcripts encoding proteins potentially involved in ROS homeostasis. A large number of transcripts encoded class III peroxidases that increased in abundance during both incompatible and nonhost interactions, whereas the levels of these transcripts decreased in susceptible wheat during compatible interactions. The higher levels of class III peroxidase transcripts were associated with elevated enzymatic activity of peroxidases at the attack site in plants during incompatible and nonhost interactions. Overall, our data indicate that class III peroxidases may play a role in ROS generation in resistant wheat and nonhost rice plants during response to Hessian fly attacks.

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Hypersensitive reaction and induced resistance in rice against the Asian rice gall midge Orseolia oryzae

Cited by 47 publications

References 19 publications

Inducible direct plant defense against insect herbivores: A review

Inducible direct plant defense against insect herbivores: A review

Hypersensitivity of Fagus sylvatica L. against leaf galling insects

Reactive Oxygen Species Are Involved in Plant Defense against a Gall Midge

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