Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy in Relation to Coffee and Tea Consumption: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study

Abstract

Background: The association between coffee/tea intake and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association of caffeine, coffee, and tea intake during pregnancy with the risk of HDP. Methods: We assessed this association in 85,533 singleton pregnant women with live births in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study, a prospective cohort in Japan that included women from early pregnancy onward. Caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee and tea (green, oolong, and black) consumption during pregnancy was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire conducted at mid-pregnancy, and caffeine intake was calculated based on coffee and tea consumption. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association with the risk of HDP. Results: HDP developed in 2222 women (2.6%). Caffeine intake was weakly associated with increased risk of HDP; the multivariable odds ratio of HDP for the highest versus the lowest quartile was 1.26 (95% confidence interval: 1.11, 1.43). Coffee drinkers of two or more cups per day showed a decreased risk compared with non-drinkers (multivariable odds ratio 0.79; 0.62, 0.99) even after adjustment for total caffeine intake. Tea consumption was not associated with the risk of HDP. Conclusions: Our study suggests that higher caffeine intake may increase HDP risk, while coffee drinkers had a lower risk. Further high-quality studies are needed to replicate these findings, and to elucidate if other substances in coffee may be protective against HDP.

Coffee consumption during pregnancy — what the gynecologist should know? Review of the literature and clinical studies

“…It has been shown that consumption of caffeinated beverages in the first trimester of pregnancy did not affect the risk of gestational diabetes and gestational hypertension, while in the second trimester it reduced the risk of gestational diabetes (only 1-100 mg caffeine/day; RR = 0.53; 95% CI: 0.35-0.80, up to 200 mg/day -no effect), and did not affect the risk of gestational hypertension. Similar results were obtained in a prospective cohort study of 85533 Japanese women, Kawanishi et al [51]. These authors showed that the consumption of 2-3 cups of coffee/day was associated with a lower risk of hypertension-related pregnancy disorders (OR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.62-0.99).…”

Association of Polyphenols Consumption with Risk for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Preeclampsia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…In studies assessing the association between polyphenol consumption and the risk of GDM, women were recruited from hospitals [ 24 , 26 , 27 , 30 , 31 ] or national cohort studies [ 25 , 28 , 29 ]. In articles assessing the risk of PE, three studies were hospital or care practices based [ 20 , 21 , 22 ] and one was a national cohort study [ 23 ]. Age and body mass index (BMI) of the participants in each article are shown by exposure, or by group of women affected ( Table 1 and Table 2 ).…”

“…The evaluation of the association of polyphenol-rich food consumption during pregnancy and PE risk was based in only four studies that met the eligibility criteria [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. Triche and co-authors [ 20 ] compared low consumption of polyphenol-rich foods vs. high consumption, whereas the other three articles compared no consumption with high consumption to estimate PE risk [ 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”

“…The evaluation of the association of polyphenol-rich food consumption during pregnancy and PE risk was based in only four studies that met the eligibility criteria [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. Triche and co-authors [ 20 ] compared low consumption of polyphenol-rich foods vs. high consumption, whereas the other three articles compared no consumption with high consumption to estimate PE risk [ 21 , 22 , 23 ]. Kawanishi and co-authors [ 23 ] determined the polyphenol rich-food intake (tea or coffee) by using a questionnaire during the second or third trimester of pregnancy after recognizing conception, while other authors evaluated the risk to develop PE, estimating the intake of polyphenol-rich foods since women became pregnant until delivery [ 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: definition, management, and out-of-office blood pressure measurement

“…Higher levels of HbA1c at a nondiabetic level [ 57 ], both lower and higher Na intake before pregnancy [ 58 ], elevated serum IgE levels during the first trimester [ 59 ], higher caffeine intake [ 60 ], working a schedule of ≥36 h per week with night shifts [ 61 ], smoking [ 62 ], alcohol consumption [ 63 ], and becoming pregnant with in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer [ 64 ] were associated with the risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Moreover, coffee intake was associated with a decreased risk of HDP [ 60 ]. Although this is a large cohort study, some studies reported that no association between the exposures and outcomes can be found, such as calcium intake and HDP among primiparas [ 65 ].…”