Hyperthermic aphids: Insights into behaviour and mortality

Hazell, Steaphan P.; Neve, Bolette Palle; Groutides, Constantinos; Douglas, Angela E.; Blackburn, Tim M.; Bale, J. S.

doi:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2009.08.022

Cited by 56 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…2-5). These results are in line with other studies which show that acclimation has limited effect on insects' upper thermal tolerances (Chown, 2001;Chown et al, 2002;Hazell et al, 2010;Hoffmann et al, in press). Nevertheless, high-temperature acclimation increases estimates of upper thermal tolerances in insects (Allen et al, 2012;Hazell et al, 2010;Jumbam et al, 2008;Nyamukondiwa and Terblanche, 2010) whereas it decreases the behavioral thresholds (preferred temperature, HET and DOT in present study) in response to heat stress (Forsman et al, 2002;Krstevska and Hoffmann, 1994;Ma and Ma, 2012), implying opposing responses to temperature acclimation between physiological tolerance and behavioral thermoregulation.…”

Section: Effects Of Short-term Temperature Acclimation and Starvationsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…During this period, their behavioral responses (moving, dropping or knockdown) were recorded. The 0.1°C min À1 rate was selected because it had been found to be ecologically meaningful in field conditions (Chown et al, 2009;Hazell et al, 2010). Ten aphids were tested every time.…”

Section: Experimental Apparatus and Drop-off Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies concerning behavior-related upper thermal tolerance for insects mainly focused on ''critical thermal maximum (CT max )'', ''knockdown temperature/time'' and ''heat coma''. Those indices were defined as the temperatures at which test insects began to lose muscle control, stop walking or move their legs/antennae for the last time (Cooper et al, 2008;Hazell et al, 2010;Mitchell and Hoffmann, 2010;Terblanche et al, 2007). Most of those behaviors occur when the insects become physiologically and/or physically impaired due to heat stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Climate warming may increase aphids’ dropping probabilities in response to high temperatures

2012

Journal of Insect Physiology

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Section: Effects Of Short-term Temperature Acclimation and Starvationsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Experimental Apparatus and Drop-off Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Climate warming may increase aphids’ dropping probabilities in response to high temperatures

2012

Journal of Insect Physiology

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“…In one of the few studies that have investigated the upper and lower thermal thresholds and acclimatory ability of a group of closely related species of polar [Myzus polaris (Hille Ris Lambers)], temperate (Myzus persicae) and tropical [Myzus ornatus (Laing)] origin, Hazell et al (Hazell et al, 2010a;Hazell et al, 2010b) found that across all species, there was more variation in the lower than the upper thresholds, and low temperature acclimation depressed the lower limits by more than high temperature raised the upper thresholds. These responses are broadly consistent with the large scale patterns described by Addo Bediako et al and Chown (Addo Bediako et al, 2000;Chown, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Firstly, the great majority of studies are carried out on a 'species' but there are now several examples of species with sub-species or other forms of sub-specific variation that are genetically distinct and differ in their thermal tolerance (Hoffmann et al, 2005;Hoffmann and Weeks, 2007). For example, in a comparison of the cold hardiness of four clones of the aphid Myzus persicae (distinguished by microsatellite analysis), the lower lethal temperature (LLT 50 ) differed by 1.2°C (from -12.7°C to -13.9°C) but the upper lethal temperature (ULT 50 ) differed by only 0.2°C (from 41.7°C to 41.9°C) (Hazell et al, 2010a;Hazell et al, 2010b). Care is required in attributing thermal tolerance properties to species that have wide latitudinal distributions and genetically distinct 'strains'.…”

Section: Impacts Of Climate Warming On Insect Overwinteringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insect overwintering in a changing climate

Bale

Hayward

2010

Journal of Experimental Biology

676

542

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SummaryInsects are highly successful animals inhabiting marine, freshwater and terrestrial habitats from the equator to the poles. As a group, insects have limited ability to regulate their body temperature and have thus required a range of strategies to support life in thermally stressful environments, including behavioural avoidance through migration and seasonal changes in cold tolerance. With respect to overwintering strategies, insects have traditionally been divided into two main groups: freeze tolerant and freeze avoiding, although this simple classification is underpinned by a complex of interacting processes, i.e. synthesis of ice nucleating agents, cryoprotectants, antifreeze proteins and changes in membrane lipid composition. Also, in temperate and colder climates, the overwintering ability of many species is closely linked to the diapause state, which often increases cold tolerance ahead of temperature-induced seasonal acclimatisation. Importantly, even though most species can invoke one or both of these responses, the majority of insects die from the effects of cold rather than freezing. Most studies on the effects of a changing climate on insects have focused on processes that occur predominantly in summer (development, reproduction) and on changes in distributions rather than winter survival per se. For species that routinely experience cold stress, a general hypothesis would be that predicted temperature increases of 1°C to 5°C over the next 50-100 years would increase winter survival in some climatic zones. However, this is unlikely to be a universal effect. Negative impacts may occur if climate warming leads to a reduction or loss of winter snow cover in polar and sub-polar areas, resulting in exposure to more severe air temperatures, increasing frequency of freeze-thaw cycles and risks of ice encasement. Likewise, whilst the dominant diapause-inducing cue (photoperiod) will be unaffected by global climate change, higher temperatures may modify normal rates of development, leading to a decoupling of synchrony between diapause-sensitive life-cycle stages and critical photoperiods for diapause induction. In terms of climate warming and potential heat stress, the most recent predictions of summer temperatures in Europe of 40°C or higher in 50-75 years, are close to the current upper lethal limit of some insects. Long-term data sets on insect distributions and the timing of annual migrations provide strong evidence for 'positive' responses to higher winter temperatures over timescales of the past 20-50 years in North America, Europe and Asia.

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Are heat waves susceptible to mitigate the expansion of a species progressing with global warming?

Robinet¹,

Rousselet²,

Pineau³

et al. 2013

Ecology and Evolution

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A number of organisms, especially insects, are extending their range in response of the increasing trend of warmer temperatures. However, the effects of more frequent climatic anomalies on these species are not clearly known. The pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa, is a forest pest that is currently extending its geographical distribution in Europe in response to climate warming. However, its population density largely decreased in its northern expansion range (near Paris, France) the year following the 2003 heat wave. In this study, we tested whether the 2003 heat wave could have killed a large part of egg masses. First, the local heat wave intensity was determined. Then, an outdoor experiment was conducted to measure the deviation between the temperatures recorded by weather stations and those observed within sun-exposed egg masses. A second experiment was conducted under laboratory conditions to simulate heat wave conditions (with night/day temperatures of 20/32°C and 20/40°C compared to the control treatment 13/20°C) and measure the potential effects of this heat wave on egg masses. No effects were noticed on egg development. Then, larvae hatched from these egg masses were reared under mild conditions until the third instar and no delayed effects on the development of larvae were found. Instead of eggs, the 2003 heat wave had probably affected directly or indirectly the young larvae that were already hatched when it occurred. Our results suggest that the effects of extreme climatic anomalies occurring over narrow time windows are difficult to determine because they strongly depend on the life stage of the species exposed to these anomalies. However, these effects could potentially reduce or enhance the average warming effects. As extreme weather conditions are predicted to become more frequent in the future, it is necessary to disentangle the effects of the warming trend from the effects of climatic anomalies when predicting the response of a species to climate change.

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Hyperthermic aphids: Insights into behaviour and mortality

Cited by 56 publications

References 67 publications

Climate warming may increase aphids’ dropping probabilities in response to high temperatures

Climate warming may increase aphids’ dropping probabilities in response to high temperatures

Insect overwintering in a changing climate

Are heat waves susceptible to mitigate the expansion of a species progressing with global warming?

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