Hyperuricemia in Hypertension and Chronic Kidney Disease: Risk Factors, Prevalence and Clinical Correlates: A Descriptive Comparative Study

Abstract

Introduction: Uric acid is a product of purine metabolism and elevated serum concentration are very common in, and linked with hypertension and chronic kidney disease, conditions associated with heavy health burden and cardiovascular complications particularly in sub Sahara Africa. An assessment of factors relating hyperuricemia to hypertension and chronic kidney disease would therefore be necessary as way of mitigating the poor quality of life, morbidity and mortality associated with these diseases in low income nations. Methods: A single centre, descriptive comparative study in which the demographic, clinical and laboratory data of hypertensive and non-dialyzed chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients were analyzed. Serum biochemical parameters with uric acid, hematocrit and urine dip strip protein were assessed. Predictors of hyperuricemia were determined using multivariate analysis. Results: One hundred and thirty nine hypertensives and 69 CKD were studied. The mean age of the participants was 54.3 ± 11.7 years, hypertensives (52.9 ± 15.7 years) and CKD (57.3 ± 16.1 years). Both groups had more males, P = 0.8. Majority (78.3%) of the CKD cohorts had stage 4 or 5 (non-dialyzed) disease. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure, creatinine and uric acid were lower in hypertension than in CKD,

Uric Acid as a Novel Component of Metabolic Syndrome

“…Medication for hypertension, termed "Hypertension Medication" in our results included codes I10 and I10.P. Medication for hyperuricemia, termed "Hyperuricemia that over 1 billion people globally have hyperuricemia [6]. Hyperuricemia has garnered attention in recent publications and research funding areas [12] and has predominantly been associated with the development of gout, but more recently has been associated with hypertension, CKD, CVD, and diabetes [13].…”

“…The clustering of risk factors includes hyperlipidemia, elevated triglycerides, abdominal obesity, elevated blood pressure, and hyperglycemia [3][4][5]. Though each identified component of MetS can increase the risk of disease outcomes, the clustering of multiple risk factors has been associated with increased risk of disease [6]. MetS has increased in global populations in the last two decades [7] and is attributed to approximately 15 million deaths annually [8].…”