Hyphal Wall Chemistry of <i>Leptomitus Lacteus</i>

Aronson, Jerome M.; Lin, C. C.

doi:10.1080/00275514.1978.12020236

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Although chitin is a major component of the fungal cell wall, oomycetes contain none or very little amount of this compound (Lin and Aronson, ; Aronson and Lin, ; Campostakaki et al ., ; Bulone et al ., ; Badreddine et al ., ; Guerriero et al ., ). In Saprolegnia , chitin accounts for <0.5% of the cell wall carbohydrates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Chitin synthase is involved in vegetative growth, asexual reproduction and pathogenesis of Phytophthora capsici and Phytophthora sojae

Wei

Lin

et al. 2019

Environmental Microbiology

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Summary Chitin is a structural and functional component of the fungal cell wall and also serves as a pathogen‐associated molecular pattern (PAMP) that triggers the innate immune responses of host plants. However, no or very little chitin is found in the fungus‐like oomycetes. In Phytophthora spp., the presence of chitin has not been demonstrated so far, although putative chitin synthase (CHS) genes, which encode the enzymes that synthesize chitin, are present in their genomes. Here, we revealed that chitin is present in the zoospores and released sporangia of Phytophthora, and this is most consistent with the transcriptional pattern of PcCHS in Phytophthora capsici and PsCHS1 in Phytophthora sojae. Disruption of the CHS genes indicated that PcCHS and PsCHS1, but not PsCHS2 (which exhibited very weak transcription), have similar functions involved in mycelial growth, sporangial production, zoospore release and the pathogenesis of P. capsici and P. sojae. We also suggest that chitin in the zoospores of P. capsici can act as a PAMP that is recognized by the chitin receptors AtLYK5 or AtCERK1 of Arabidopsis. These results provide new insights into the biological significance of chitin and CHSs in Phytophthora and help with the identification of potential targets for disease control.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Chitin synthase is involved in vegetative growth, asexual reproduction and pathogenesis of Phytophthora capsici and Phytophthora sojae

Wei

Lin

et al. 2019

Environmental Microbiology

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“…It is hypothesized that the oomycetes lost their algal plastid over the course of evolution, and as a consequence, are non-photosynthetic organisms with an osmotrophic lifestyle and filamentous growth habit (mycelium), similar to true Fungi [3], [4]. However, unlike Fungi, oomycetes are diploid with cell walls composed mainly of β-1,3-D-glucans, β-1,6-D-glucans, and cellulose [5] with a small amount of chitin or chitosaccharides [6], [7], [8], [9]. Land plant parasitism has evolved independently in the Oomycota, possibly once in the Saprolegniales and at least twice in peronosporalean lineage [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes in Pythium and Their Role in Plant Cell Wall and Storage Polysaccharide Degradation

et al. 2013

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Carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) are involved in the metabolism of glycoconjugates, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides and, in the case of plant pathogens, in the degradation of the host cell wall and storage compounds. We performed an in silico analysis of CAZymes predicted from the genomes of seven Pythium species (Py. aphanidermatum, Py. arrhenomanes, Py. irregulare, Py. iwayamai, Py. ultimum var. ultimum, Py. ultimum var. sporangiiferum and Py. vexans) using the “CAZymes Analysis Toolkit” and “Database for Automated Carbohydrate-active Enzyme Annotation” and compared them to previously published oomycete genomes. Growth of Pythium spp. was assessed in a minimal medium containing selected carbon sources that are usually present in plants. The in silico analyses, coupled with our in vitro growth assays, suggest that most of the predicted CAZymes are involved in the metabolism of the oomycete cell wall with starch and sucrose serving as the main carbohydrate sources for growth of these plant pathogens. The genomes of Pythium spp. also encode pectinases and cellulases that facilitate degradation of the plant cell wall and are important in hyphal penetration; however, the species examined in this study lack the requisite genes for the complete saccharification of these carbohydrates for use as a carbon source. Genes encoding for xylan, xyloglucan, (galacto)(gluco)mannan and cutin degradation were absent or infrequent in Pythium spp.. Comparative analyses of predicted CAZymes in oomycetes indicated distinct evolutionary histories. Furthermore, CAZyme gene families among Pythium spp. were not uniformly distributed in the genomes, suggesting independent gene loss events, reflective of the polyphyletic relationships among some of the species.

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“…cellulose, 6.4% protein, 1.5% acid-soluble hexosamine, and 3.1% alkalisoluble hexosamine (Lin and Aronson 1970;Lin et al 1976). Analysis of the hyphal wall chemistry of Leptomitus laateus indicated similarity to the walls of Sapromyces and Apodaahlya, especially in regard to the linkage pattern (Aronson and Lin 1978) . Novaes-Ledieu et al 1967; Tokunaga and Bartnicki-Garcia 1971).…”

Section: Ascomycete Wallsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Cellulose I or native cellulose and chitin were extracted from frozen mycelia or isolated walls following the method of Aronson and Lin (1978).…”

Section: Chemical Fractionation Of the Wallmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular architecture of the hyphal wall in the water mold, Achlya ambisexualis Raper / by Julia Barth Reiskind.

Reiskind¹

1980

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INTRODUCTION LITERATURE REVIEW The Organism, Aahyla ambisearualis Raper Higher Plant Cell'^Walls Fungal Walls Fungal Walls, Chemical Structure Fungal Walls, Physical Structure Fungal Walls, Morphology Fungal Walls, Growth MATERIALS AND METHODS Organism and Culturing Techniques Hyphal Wall Isolation and Purification Chemical Fractionation of the Wall Chemical Analyses of Wall Constituents Hydrolysis of Buffer-Water Washed Walls by A. ambisexualis Cellulase Ultrastructural Studies RESULTS Criteria for Wall Purity Chemical Fractionation of the Wall Chemical Analyses of Wall Constituents Hydrolysis of Buffer-Water Washed Walls by A. ambisexualis Cellulase Ultrastructural Studies DISCUSSION The Preparation of Wall Samples Chemical Fractionation of the Wall Chemical Analyses of Wall Constituents Hydrolysis of Buffer-Water Washed Walls by A. ambisexualis Cellulase Ill Ultrastructural Studies 112 CONCLUSION 120

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Hyphal Wall Chemistry of Leptomitus Lacteus

Cited by 15 publications

References 13 publications

Chitin synthase is involved in vegetative growth, asexual reproduction and pathogenesis of Phytophthora capsici and Phytophthora sojae

Chitin synthase is involved in vegetative growth, asexual reproduction and pathogenesis of Phytophthora capsici and Phytophthora sojae

Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes in Pythium and Their Role in Plant Cell Wall and Storage Polysaccharide Degradation

Molecular architecture of the hyphal wall in the water mold, Achlya ambisexualis Raper / by Julia Barth Reiskind.

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