Hypofrontality — a risk-marker related to schizophrenia?

Wuebben, Yvonne; Winterer, Georg

doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(00)00047-5

Cited by 35 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In agreement with other reports in the literature [8][9][10][11][12] , the results of the present study point out to an increase of low band (delta + theta) power in schizophrenics when compared to normal subjects. EEG slowing was found in the frontal lobe area, specifically in the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex, right middle frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, and insula.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Since Ingvar et al [1][2][3] described hypofrontality in chronic schizophrenics by a regional cerebral blood flow method, several investigations using different methods (PET, SPECT, fMRI) have reported dysfunctions in the schizophrenic frontal, pre-frontal lobe [4][5][6] , that are associated with deficits in attention, planning, and working memory 7 . In line with these findings, several quantitative electroencephalographic studies have also reported hypofrontality, which can be defined as a frontally pronounced slowing of EEG activity [8][9][10][11][12] . A slowing of EEG activity correlates with reduced blood flow and glucose utilization.…”

mentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Power-spectral analysis was performed with Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). For each of the 19 monopolar derivations, absolute and relative (%) power, mean frequency, interhemispheric and intra-hemispheric coherence, and symmetry were computed for the delta (1.0 -3.5 Hz), theta (4.0 -7.5 Hz), alpha (8)(9)(10)(11)(12), and beta (13 -25 Hz) frequency bands. Absolute power was the only parameter used to create the functional images of neuronal electrical activity for the 4 classical bands of EEG (delta, theta, alpha, and beta) and for the 10 monopolar derivations.…”

Section: Methods Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurocortical electrical activity tomography in chronic schizophrenics

Veiga

Deslandes

Cagy

et al. 2003

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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-Functional imaging of brain electrical activity was performed in 25 chronic medicated schizophrenics and 40 controls, analyzing the classical frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, and beta) of 19-channel EEG during resting state to identify brain regions with deviant activity of different functional significances, using LORETA (Low Resolution Tomography) and SPM99 (Statistical Parametric Mapping). Patients differed from controls due to an excess of slow activity comprising delta + theta frequency bands (inhibitory pattern) located at the right middle frontal gyrus, right inferior frontal gyrus, and right insula, as well as at the bilateral anterior cingulum with a left preponderance. The high temporal resolution of EEG enables the specification of the deviations not only as an excess or a deficit of brain electrical activity, but also as inhibitory (delta, theta), normal (alpha), and excitatory (beta) activities. These deviations point out to an impaired functional brain state consisting of inhibited frontal and prefrontal areas that may result in inadequate treatment of externally or internally generated information.KEY WORDS: brain mapping, EEG, LORETA (low resolution electromagnetic tomography), schizophrenia.Atividade elétrica neurocortical em esquizofrênicos crônicos Atividade elétrica neurocortical em esquizofrênicos crônicos Atividade elétrica neurocortical em esquizofrênicos crônicos Atividade elétrica neurocortical em esquizofrênicos crônicos Atividade elétrica neurocortical em esquizofrênicos crônicos RESUMO -Imagens funcionais da atividade elétrica cerebral de 25 esquizofrênicos crônicos medicados e de 40 controles foram obtidas através do registro (19 canais) e da análise das faixas tradicionais (delta, teta, alfa e beta) do EEG, durante o repouso vigil. O objetivo foi identificar regiões do cérebro que apresentassem desvios com diferentes significados funcionais na 'Low Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography' (LORETA) e no 'Statistical Parametric Mapping' (SPM). Observou-se excesso de atividade lenta nas faixas delta + teta (padrão inibitório) nos pacientes esquizofrênicos, localizado no giro frontal médio direito, no giro frontal inferior direito e na insula direita e, também, na porção anterior do giro do cíngulo, bilateralmente, mas com predomínio à esquerda. A alta resolução temporal do EEG permite especificar os desvios em termos de excesso ou déficit de atividade elétrica cerebral, bem como de atividades com um padrão inibitório (delta, teta), normal (alfa) e excitatório (beta). Os desvios encontrados apontam para comprometimento funcional cerebral que consiste no predomínio de atividade inibitória nas áreas frontais e pré-frontais que pode causar processamento inadequado de informações, quer de origem externa quanto interna. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: mapeamento cerebral, eletroencefalografia quantitativa (EEGq), LORETA (tomografia de baixa resolução), esquizofrenia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

mentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Methods Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurocortical electrical activity tomography in chronic schizophrenics

Veiga

Deslandes

Cagy

et al. 2003

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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“…Moreover, Siegel et al (1996) showed that DA agonistic treatment in schizotypal personality disorder reduced perseverative errors in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Wuebben and Winterer (2001) found frontally pronounced resting EEG activity in patients with schizophrenia but not healthy schizotypal participants. Thus, our present findings would extend the observations of potential protective brain mechanisms along the schizophrenia spectrum including healthy schizo typal populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Nonstereotyped Responding in Positive Schizotypy after a Single Dose of Levodopa

Möhr

Landis

Sándor

et al. 2004

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Stereotyped behavior and left-sided orientation biases, associated with the dopamine (DA) system, were observed in populations of the schizophrenia spectrum disorders. We investigated whether heightened DA concentrations influence both side biases and stereotyped responding in a visuo-motor computer task, in which 90, 180, and 2701 rotated objects had to be brought into a target position. To account for the role of the schizophrenia spectrum, task performance was also analyzed as a function of healthy participants' high or low magical ideation (MI), a positive schizotypal feature. The first 36 participants (20 women) remained substance free. In a second sample, 20 men received levodopa and 20 men a placebo in a double-blind procedure. Results showed that high MI scorers responded more stereotyped than low MI scorers, without being specifically biased towards the left side. Rotation preferences toward one or the other side made high MI scorers less flexible for objects efficiently to be rotated into the opposite direction. This inflexibility may reflect impaired left hemisphere functioning. Unexpectedly, in the levodopa group, high MI scorers performed superior to low MI scorers. Since DA actions appear to follow an inverted U-shape function, the 'low' performing high MI scorers profited from the enhanced DA availability. Our observation in the levodopa group points to a dissociation between schizotypy and schizophrenia: while cognitive improvement in schizophrenia can occur after treatment with atypical neuroleptic agents, in our positive schizotypal participants a DA agonist resulted in improved task performance. This dissociation may point to protective neurochemical mechanisms preventing healthy schizotypes from developing full-blown psychotic symptoms.

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“…Most studies also found a decrease in alpha power (Boutros et al, 2008) and reported a predominantly frontal localization of these effects (Wuebben and Winterer, 2001;Mientus et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative symptoms in neuroleptic-naïve patients with first-episode psychosis correlate with QEEG parameters

Gschwandtner

Zimmermann

Pflueger

et al. 2009

Schizophrenia Research

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Introduction: While several studies have shown an association of QEEG band power with negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia, this has not yet been investigated in a sample with neuroleptic-naïve first-episode patients (NNFE) up to now. From literature we hypothesized delta (0.5-4 Hz) and theta (4-8 Hz) power to be augmented and alpha (8)(9)(10)(11)(12) Hz) power to be decreased with increased negative symptoms in NNFE. Materials and methods:The sample consisted of 27 NNFE. Psychopathology was rated with the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS). EEG was recorded from 21 electrodes according to the 10/20 system. Spectral analysis was performed on mean power of 8 electrodes in seven frequency bands after artefact removal. Linear regressions were calculated with log transformed power as dependent and psychopathology as independent variable. We controlled for medication, drugs, age, sex, education and day time of EEG recording.Results: A positive correlation of SANS global scorewith power in delta and theta frequency bands could be confirmed in NNFE. In the alpha1 (8-10 Hz) band we found no significant correlation with negative symptoms and in the alpha2 (10-12 Hz) band therewas a positive correlation with SANS (p=0.069). Beta1 (12-15 Hz) power also correlated positively with SANS. Discussion:The present results confirm the correlation of negative symptoms with power of slow frequency bands. In addition to previous studies in chronic schizophrenia patients, the effect was shown in NNFE, which is compatible with augmented slow wave power being a marker for negative symptoms in psychosis.3

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Hypofrontality — a risk-marker related to schizophrenia?

Cited by 35 publications

References 39 publications

Neurocortical electrical activity tomography in chronic schizophrenics

Neurocortical electrical activity tomography in chronic schizophrenics

Nonstereotyped Responding in Positive Schizotypy after a Single Dose of Levodopa

Negative symptoms in neuroleptic-naïve patients with first-episode psychosis correlate with QEEG parameters

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