Hypoglycemic effect of Citrullus colocynthis extracts

Lahfa, Farid; Azzi, Rachid; Mezouar, Dounia; Djaziri, R.

doi:10.1007/s10298-015-0997-4

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…According to the results, CCAE had an acute or short-term hypoglycemic effect in ET2D (Supplement1, Fig. 1B) consistent with Lahfa et al [18]. Similar to Mojaz Dalfardi et al [19], we noted that the hypoglycemic potency for 90 mg/kg of CCAE was comparable to 100 mg/kg of metformin.…”

Section: Selection Of Ccae Dosage Using Ipgttsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The average FBS levels were increased in both diabetic models (NIA/STZ group, 133.8 ± 7.9 mg/dl, p=0.004; STZ group, 453.0 ± 41.7 mg/dl, p=0.001; compared to Con, 95 mg/dl ± 5.5); and then lowered to near normal levels by CCAE in both groups (p>0.05 vs. Con) (Fig. 2).The extract did not change the FBS in nondiabetic control (CCAE-Con) consistent with Lahfa et al [18] but against Abdel-Hassan et al [20] who reported the glucose-lowering effect of C. colocynthis in normal non-diabetic rabbits.…”

Section: Fbs and Body Weights During A Long-term Experimentssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…We used the seeds because they are believed to be less toxic [15] and most effective in lowering blood sugar levels [16]. The aqueous extract may be assumed to keep the constituent compounds in their most natural shapes and has been reported to have better hypoglycemic effects than chloroform, ethanol, glycoside, and alkaloid extracts [17,18]. HPLC pro le of CCAE has been shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential Expression of Gluconeogenic Enzymes in Early- and Late- Stage Diabetes: The Effect of Citrullus Colocynthis Seed Extract on Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia

Afshari¹,

Salimi²,

Babaie³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: The extent of metabolic disruption and the usefulness of drugs and supplements, such as medicinal plants, in patients with diabetes may be impacted by the severity of the disease. Method: Nicotinamide + STZ together and STZ alone were used to induce early- and late-stage diabetes type 2 (ET2D and LT2D, respectively) in rats. Glucose tolerance test (GTT) was performed because the stage of disease was considered compatible with the magnitude of deviation from normal glucose tolerance test (GTT), as well as the level of FBS. Three main groups of the study were nondiabetic, early-stage diabetic, and late-stage diabetic rats. Each group was divided into two sub-groups, one of which received Citrullus colocynthis seed aqueous extract (CCAE, 90mg/kg BW) for 28 days. Weekly FBS and body weights were recorded during the study. At the end of 28 days, the serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP, TG, urea, creatinine, uric acid, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, c-peptide, and HbA1c were measured; the hepatic mRNA expression of several enzymes of glucose and fat metabolic pathways were also determined by Real-Time PCR. The accumulation of fat in the hepatic tissue was visualized by measuring the TG content and by H&E and Oil-Red staining and the degree of oxidative stress was measured by protein carbonyl content (PCC).Results: The LT2D rats showed maximal deviations from normal GTT. GTT for control and ET2D rats were similar, yet the area under curve (AUC) for ET2D rats was significantly higher. Urea, ALT, and ALP levels were high in diabetic rats compared to control and significantly different from each other.Serum TG dropped and ALT, ALP, HDL and LDL significantly improved after treatment with CCAE. Different patterns of G6Pase and PEPCK expression in ET2D and LT2D suggested their similarity to short- and long-term fasting states, respectively. While the reduction of FBS levels in ET2D could be explained by an inhibition of G6Pase expression and therefore glycogenolysis, the level of PEPCK expression was not significantly lowered by CCAE in LT2D. H&E staining of liver tissue showed steatoses of varying morphology in both ET2D and LT2D rats. CCAE led to up-regulated PPARα and down-regulated CPT1 expressions.Conclusion: As PEPCK activity is necessary for the continuation of the TG/FA cycle during fasting, it is possible that in LT2D, CCAE directed the PEPCK activity more towards glyceroneogenesis than gluconeogenesis to ensure the persistence of the TG/FA cycle. The enhanced glyceroneogenesis together with an up-regulated PPARa expression and down-regulated CPT1 expression probably led to lower blood and hepatic TG. More research is needed to establish the effect of CCAE on PEPCK expression and its course of activity.

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Section: Selection Of Ccae Dosage Using Ipgttsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Fbs and Body Weights During A Long-term Experimentssupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential Expression of Gluconeogenic Enzymes in Early- and Late- Stage Diabetes: The Effect of Citrullus Colocynthis Seed Extract on Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia

Afshari¹,

Salimi²,

Babaie³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…The results showed that these extracts had a good anti-hyperglycemic effect on the diabetic rats and stabilized the blood glucose of the control rats to within a normal range. The aqueous extract 2.5 g/kg (BW) showed the highest activity by decreasing the blood glucose level ( Lahfa et al, 2017 ). The hydro-ethanolic pulpy flesh of C. colocynthis also demonstrated an exceptional anti-hyperglycemic effect in a diabetic rat at the dose rate of 300 mg/kg by decreasing its blood glucose and triglyceride, and cholesterol levels.…”

Section: Pharmacological Effects Of C Colocynthismentioning

confidence: 99%

Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad (Bitter Apple Fruit): Promising Traditional Uses, Pharmacological Effects, Aspects, and Potential Applications

Munawar

Saeed

et al. 2022

Front. Pharmacol.

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Health consciousness and increased knowledge about the side effects of synthetic drugs have enhanced interest in traditional medicines. Medicinal plants offer cures for various diseases, leading to improved living standards. This has brought ethnomedicinal studies into the spotlight and increased demand for herb-based medicines. Citrullus colocynthis is an herbaceous plant containing an abundance of nutrients that play a key role in the improvement of wellbeing. C. colocynthis has many biological properties, such as antioxidative, hypoglycemic, antibacterial, anti-cancerous, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, gastrointestinal tract, reproduction, protection, anti-microbial, antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, antineoplastic, profibrinolytic, anti-allergic, pesticidal, and immune-stimulatory. There are numerous bioactive compounds like cucurbitacin, flavonoids, and polyphenols in C. colocynthis that give it medicinal properties. Herein, we have extensively compiled, reviewed, and analyzed significant information on C. colocynthhis from the best published available evidence in PubMed, Scopus (Embase), Web of Science (Web of Knowledge), Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, etc. Scientific literature evidenced that owing to the bioactive constituents, including cucurbitacin, polyphenols, flavonoids, and other potent molecules, C. colocynthis has many pharmacological and physiological functions. It possesses multi-beneficial applications in treating various disorders of humans and animals. So, the primary purpose of this comprehensive review is to provide an overview of the findings of positive impacts and risks of C. colocynthis consumption on human health, especially in poultry and veterinary fields. In the future, this narrative article will be aware of discoveries about the potential of this promising natural fruit and its bioactive compounds as the best nutraceuticals and therapeutic drugs in veterinary and human medicine.

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“…Most recent investigations have further hinted at its preventive and healing effects on various complications of diabetes, including diabetic nephropathy [27][28][29], glycated hemoglobin [30], and deteriorated cognitive performance [31]. The seed is known to be less toxic [32] and more influential in lowering blood sugar levels [33,34], and the aqueous extracts have better hypoglycemic effects than organic solvent extracts [35,36]. Also, the aqueous extract would preserve the constituent phytochemicals in their most natural shapes since plants are 80% water by weight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential expression of gluconeogenic enzymes in early- and late-stage diabetes: the effect of Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. Seed extract on hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in Wistar-Albino rats model

et al. 2021

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Background The medicinal plant Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. (C. colocynthis) may benefit patients at different phases of diabetes by attuning to contrasting situations. Our primary objective was to find the mechanism(s) behind the antidiabetic/anti-hyperlipidemic effects of C.colocynthis seed aqueous extract (CCAE) in two different stages of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in rats. Methods Fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels, body weights, and the degree of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) were measured in healthy nondiabetic control rats (Con), as well as rats with early and late stages of T2D, denoted as ET2D and LT2D, respectively. CCAE was intraperitoneally (IP) injected for 28 days. In the end, the hepatic mRNA expression levels of the following genes were determined by RT-PCR: glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), insulin-dependent sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT1). The liver was examined by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Oil-Red O staining. CCAE was partially analyzed by HPLC-DAD. Results ET2D and LT2D were characterized by differentially elevated FBS, deteriorated bodyweight, and significant IGT compared to Con. Hepatosteatoses of varying morphologies and higher hepatic expression of G6Pase than PRPCK in ET2D versus the opposite in LT2D further confirmed the divergent nature of metabolic aberrations. At the end of 28 days, the high levels of FBS, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), triglyceride (TG), urea, hepatic protein carbonyl content (PCC), and alanine and aspartate aminotransferases (AST and ALT, respectively) persisted in untreated LT2D. CCAE ameliorated oxidative stress and upregulated PPARα expression in diabetic groups and Con; it downregulated CPT1 expression in the LT2D group. CCAE’s ability to lower FBS and serum and hepatic TG in both ET2D and LT2D indicated its ability to act via different mechanisms. Ferulic acid (Fer A) and rutin hydrate (RH) were detected in CCAE. Conclusion CCAE lowered the FBS in ET2D via inhibiting the hepatic G6Pase expression (glycogenolysis). In LT2D, CCAE abated sugar levels by diverting PEPCK activity, preferably towards glyceroneogenesis than gluconeogenesis. The preserved triglyceride/fatty acid (TG/FA) cycle, the upregulated PPARα, and the downregulated CPT1 gene expressions reduced serum and hepatic TG.

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Hypoglycemic effect of Citrullus colocynthis extracts

Cited by 16 publications

References 16 publications

Differential Expression of Gluconeogenic Enzymes in Early- and Late- Stage Diabetes: The Effect of Citrullus Colocynthis Seed Extract on Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia

Differential Expression of Gluconeogenic Enzymes in Early- and Late- Stage Diabetes: The Effect of Citrullus Colocynthis Seed Extract on Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia

Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad (Bitter Apple Fruit): Promising Traditional Uses, Pharmacological Effects, Aspects, and Potential Applications

Differential expression of gluconeogenic enzymes in early- and late-stage diabetes: the effect of Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. Seed extract on hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in Wistar-Albino rats model

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